The Counseling Requirements Of The Omnibus Budget...

IPPE II On-Site Assignments Students, This assignment should be completed and turned in via Blackboard by 5:00 PM the Thursday AFTER your assigned reflection lab. Assignment 1: Patient Counseling 1. Describe the counseling requirements of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 (OBRA 90). The pharmacist must offer to discuss the unique drug therapy regimen of each Medicaid recipient when filling prescriptions for them. Each patient must be made an offer to be counseled by the pharmacist. The items to be addressed include, the name of the drug, intended use of expected action, common side effects and their avoidance, techniques for self-monitoring, proper storage, potential drug-drug or drug-food contraindications, refill†¦show more content†¦4. List 3 questions asked by the pharmacist during a patient counseling session. A. Have you used this medication before? B. What is this medication used for? C. What has your doctor mentioned about the side effects of this medication? Assignment 2: Patient Scenarios (You may discuss these questions with the pharmacist) 1. Scenario 1: A patient comes in and is out of refills for his blood pressure medication. It is 8 PM on a Friday night. How would you handle this situation? As a pharmacist I would ask them to determine if their doctor has an emergency after hour’s line that I can call for a prescription. I could also require the patient to bring their prescription bottle as verification for a few day supply emergency refill. Later, I would fax the doctor’s office for a new prescription. When I receive the prescription I would subtract the emergency supply from the quantity to fill. 2. Scenario 2: A patient comes in and is out of refills for his diazepam, which he takes for anxiety. It is 8 PM on a Friday night. How would you handle this situation? As a pharmacist I could calmly and as kindly as possible explain that because the prescription is a controlled medication I would not be able to give them a few days emergency supply. I would recommend that they visit the closest urgent care facility to acquire this prescription. 3. Scenario 3: A Mom calls you on theShow MoreRelatedMedicaid Research Paper2807 Words   |  12 Pagesmedical expenses or even of health insurance. Created by the federal government during the 1960’s, the Medicaid program became a mean for the government to somehow stimulate our Nation’s economy; more like an instrument for expenditure recurrence and budget justification. â€Å"From the perspective of public finance it is important to realize that Medicaid is only one category of state government spending and that it competes with other programs for the scarce budgetary resources† (Marton and Wildason, 2007)Read MoreEmployee Rights And Responsibilities Under The Family Medical Leave Act2290 Words   |  10 PagesBeta Technologies Compliance Policy Employee Rights and Responsibilities under the Family Medical Leave Act FMLA requires covered employers to provide up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave to eligible employees for the following reasons: †¢ Incapacity due to pregnancy, prenatal medical care or child birth †¢ To care for employee’s child after birth, or placement for adoption or foster care †¢ To care for employee’s spouse, son, daughter, or parent, who has a serious health condition †¢ A seriousRead MoreInterdisciplinary Education3785 Words   |  16 Pagesstudent, assuming the role of a pharmacist, was paired with a medical student acting as a physician with a needlestick exposure requiring HIV prophylaxis therapy. Medical students were randomized to participate in one of three levels of pharmacist counseling. After completion of therapy, all students met to discuss adherence barriers, complete an attitudinal survey, and obtain a tablet count. Most pharmacy and medical students agreed or strongly agreed that participation in this project will help themRead MoreStudy Guide Essay25129 Words   |  101 Pagesof 2.0 (C) on a 4.0 scale. Graduate and doctoral students need an overall G.P.A. of 3.0 (B) on a 4.0 scale. A = 4 grade points B = 3 grade points C = 2 grade points D = 1 grade point F = 0 grade points Students who do not meet the overall G.P.A. requirement by the end of their program must pay the current cost of tuition to repeat courses until they improve their overall G.P.A. Overall course grades of â€Å"F† will be displayed on your degree plan and count as 0 units completed. You must pay to retakeRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagespublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, website www.copyright.com. Requests to theRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesaccept relocations and transfers if it means sacrificing family or leisure time. Organizations that do get employees to relocate often must offer employment assistance for spouses. Such assistance can include contacting other employers, providing counseling and assistance in resume development, and hiring employment search firms to assist the relocated spouse. Additionally, balancing work and family concerns has particular career implications for 10 Section 1 HR Management—Strategies and Environment Read MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages279 Violence and Crime in the Workplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 External Impacts on Human Resources—Legal Protections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 Equal Employment Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Other Important Federal Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 Affirmative Action and Comparable Worth . . . . . . . . . 285 xii Contents Sexual Harassment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289Read MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pagessuperior human resources. There is little doubt that organizations will need to invest heavily in their human resources in order to be competitive during the twenty-first century. Management scholar Edward Lawler has described these investment requirements as follows: To be competitive, organizations in many industries must have highly skilled, knowledgeable workers. They must also have a relatively stable labor force since employee turnover works directly against obtaining the kind of coordinationRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 Pages Mr. STARK, Mr. PALLONE, and Mr. ANDREWS) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committees on Education and Labor, Ways and Means, Oversight and Government Reform, the Budget, Rules, Natural Resources, and the Judiciary, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned A BILL To provide affordable

Comparison of Wuthering Heights Book and Film - 792 Words

The gothic and often disturbing Wuthering Heights is Emily Bronte’s classic novel that contains undeniably powerful writing that created her timeless love story. Andrea Arnold transformed her masterpiece into a cinematic rendition to recreate the wild and passionate story of the deep and destructive love between Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff. Emily Bronte’s novel captures and portrays the essence of damaging passion through illustrative writing to ultimately exemplify details of her characters inner feelings and reality. The 2010 interpretation is embellished in artistic camera angles as its focuses on the novels connection to nature. Although both mediums are an expression of Bronte’s imagination, Arnold individually articulates her version creatively and expressively. However both narratives manipulate diverse devices to produce a haunting result. The film adaptation and the book exploit the devices that the other cant as they offer audiences with unique approaches of the same events. Emily Bronte’s portrayal of Heathcliff presents him to readers â€Å"as dark almost as if it came from the devil’ and a ‘dirty, ragged, black-haired child.† (Emily Bronte) Although her suggestive description indicates Heathcliff is black, the author’s lack of a definitive depiction evokes ambiguity. Bronte purposefully intrigues readers with her absence of certainty by selecting specific language and creating a semantic field of the colour black. Bronte resurfaces the reader’s assumptionsShow MoreRelatedEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 Pagessecret affects the plot and contributes to the meaning of the work as a whole. You may select a word from the list below, or you may choose another work of recognized literary merit suitable to the topic. DO NOT write about a short story, poem or film. Beloved Jane Eyre Cat on a Hot Tin Roof Light in August Crime and Punishment Macbeth Death of a Salesman The Major of Casterbridge A Doll House The Piano Lesson Ghosts The Playboy of the Western World Great ExpectationsRead MoreErnest Hemingway Essay6491 Words   |  26 Pagesare copying it all now except the last chapter where I am still working on the end. The last chapter is the most exciting in the book. It’s almost unbearably exciting during and after the bridge is blown. I finished the part where – what the hell – will not tell you – you can read it – I was as limp and dead as though it had happened to me. Anyway it is a hell of a book. I knew I had to write a hell of a last chapter. But have it all now except the very end – the action and the emotion are all done

Gender Stereotypes in Movies - 1060 Words

In the movie The Problem: Women at the Top, women were hardly in the work force because of concerns due to family, childcare, the ability, and fear of moving forward and higher in their career and the concern of no job to return to. Women have been known to take on the role of a housewife, mother, and caretaker. Therefore, women were held back in the past to attain stability on their own because of their hesitation of taking care of children, family and their household chores. Unfortunately, this issue has not changed much in todays day in age. Being a mother is still a dire role women face because of the economy, lack of support from their male partners as well as the thought of being self centered and selfish in many cultures. Due to the incorrect stereotype of women being homemakers, they are unable to establish their careers and less likely to achieve managerial or higher positions. As in the movie, Women Train to do Mens Jobs, women are trained to perform jobs that are typically known to be performed by men such as construction and operating a forklift. Men have been performing these jobs due to upper body strength. However, women have been proving to a lot of employers that they too are able to perform the job similar to men, if not, better. Typically, mens jobs pay more than some womens meaningless jobs. For example, construction workers are paid approximately $20 per hour where as women workings as a housekeeper are paid minimum wage of $8 perShow MoreRelatedGender Stereotypes In The Media1207 Words   |  5 Pages Gender Stereotypes are everywhere in the world. This paper will focus on the formation of Gender stereotypes through different media sources. The media sources that will be used include television shows, movies and magazines. Thus the paper will also explore the effect that gender stereotyping may have on development of a person’s social and individual identity. There were many different media sources that I used to see where Gender Stereotypes were predominant. First of all I reviewed differentRead MoreWomen s Social And Mental Development1439 Words   |  6 Pageshas influenced people worldwide. Television shows and movies provide highly idolized characters, but creates unrealistic and falsified interpretation of what it mean to be a specific gender. As a result, it can be seen that today’s modern western pop cultural, has become globalized into an industry of gender roles in which has transformed mainstream television, commercial ads, movies and toys. Stereotypical traits have been assigned to each gender and has become a significant problematic concern amongRead MoreGender Roles Of Women And Men1464 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction: Gender Roles in media is how women and men are portrayed in everyday media such as tv shows, movies, and music. Today media can have negative effects on the thought of gender roles in the society because more and more people stereotype following the media, while stereotyping can lead to prejudices and gender discrimination. This is a controversial issue because men and women are depicted a certain way with unequal and identified gender-related stereotypes which influence the societyRead MoreGender and Violence in Disney Movies Essay542 Words   |  3 PagesGender and Violence in Disney movies Many of us have seen a Disney movie when we were younger. Disney movies captured our attention with their mortals and successful conclusion. The animations and music transform us into a land of magic where anything is possible if we just believe. Disney movies wrapped us in the idea that good always triumphs evil, that happy ever after exists. We have become the generation of Beauty and the Beast, The 101 Dalmatians, Dumbo and Snow White as children nowRead MoreThe Negative Effect Of Stereotypes1613 Words   |  7 PagesThe Negative Effect of Stereotypes in Comedy We all laugh at the things we see in the media that are perceived as funny; whether it be appropriate or offensive. One of the most popular subjects that comedians and comedy shows rely on is stereotypes. Stereotypes play a large role in society and the everyday lives of individuals. These stereotypes have resulted in blurred assumptions of others based on what we see and hear in the media. The use of stereotypes in comedy to make something funny has aRead MoreGender Roles Of The Film Industry1228 Words   |  5 PagesThe film industry has created the conventional gender roles of society into their movies. A majority of films have supported some of the male and female stereotypes. In the history of the film industry, the role of men is primarily that of the stereotypical working class man or hero, while the roles of women are primarily portrayed as being somewhat inferior to men. In the 1930s through the 1970s, men held the leading roles in films while women played smaller roles. I n terms of jobs, women wereRead MoreMedia Representation Of The Media1149 Words   |  5 Pagesportrays is gender. In today’s culture the issue of the difference between men and women can be seen heavily in media. In roles actors and actresses play on television, and through songs gender representation is an issue that is present. Most of the representations however are negative. It plays off of the stereotypes that are associated with men and women. In this ever-changing society media, through various forms of entertainment, plays a negative role in the representation of gender. Most ofRead More300 - a Gender Analysis Essay1323 Words   |  6 Pages300 Gender The film industry has created the conventional gender roles of society into their movies; A majority of films have supported some of the male and female stereotypes. In the history of the film industry, the role of men is primarilythat of the stereotypical working class man or hero, while the roles of women are primarily portrayed as being somewhat inferior to men. In the 1930s through the 1970s, men held the leading roles in films while women played smaller roles. Men were typicallyRead MoreEssay on Informative speech1259 Words   |  6 Pagesinform my audience about the different stereotypes Disney portrayed in their movies. Central Idea/Thesis Statement: Different types of stereotypes in Disney movies effect children’s view on gender roles. INTRODUCTION I. When you wish upon a star; makes no difference who you are†¦. Or does it? If you recognized this classic Disney song, that means you grew up watching Disney during your childhood. II. The Disney movie franchise has been producing movies for many years now. The Walt Disney StudiosRead MoreSocialization - Gender Messages in the Mass Media Essay975 Words   |  4 PagesSocialization - Gender Messages in the Mass Media How Images on Television/Movies reinforce society’s expectations of gender. The most powerful form of mass media that we enjoy in America is the television. What we see on our T.V.’s can have very deep and profound effects on our beliefs, our life-styles and our needs and behaviors. On most of T.V. women are portrayed as flawless, beautiful, hair of silk, skin like peaches and cream and God forbid if they can pinch an inch, whereas

Leonardo Da Vinci And The World Of Engineering - 1578 Words

Engineering Drawings Military vehicles and weapons, flying objects, like planes and drones, robots, the study and understanding of kinesiology, and our knowledge of how water flows†¦ This may seem like a random list of things that have no significance to each other at all, but they all in fact have something in common. The common thread that links these things is Leonardo Da Vinci. Leonardo has impacted the world of engineering in so many different ways, it is almost impossible to count them all. He is considered to be the father of numerous innovations and designs and some of his original works are still being referenced today. This essay will discuss Leonardo and how his inventions were not only masterpieces in his time, but also how they provided a foundation for future engineers to build from. It all started in the little town of Vinci, just twenty two miles outside of Florence, Italy (DaVinci Tech). Leonardo da Vinci was born on April fifteenth, 1452, to a family that was n ot very wealthy; so he could not afford any form of education (Leonardo da Vinci). Despite this, Leonardo’s designs were still way beyond his time. Leonardo lived in Vinci for some time, but eventually moved to Milan, a military based city at the time, where he drew some of his first designs. Milan’s environment stimulated his military inventions. Today, military vehicles and items are very commonly seen around the world, and a lot of them originated from Da Vinci’s designs. For example, Leonardo’sShow MoreRelatedLeonardo Da Vinci1629 Words   |  7 PagesHistory 101 | Leonardo Da Vinci | Renaissance Pioneer | | Luis Quelhas | 11/13/2012 | | Leonardo Da Vinci was born on April 15, 1452. His father was a wealthy notary, named  Piero Fruosino di Antonio da Vinci. His mother Caterina was a sixteen year old peasant girl. Leonardo had no surname when born and took the name Da Vinci meaning from Vinci, the small town in Florence where he was born. Throughout his life Leonardo faced many hardships. From 1457 he lived in the household ofRead MoreAudrey Claire Henderson Ms. Mcpeak Art1113 3 April 2017899 Words   |  4 PagesApril 2017 Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci was born April 15, 1452 in a little farmhouse along the rolling hills of Tuscany. Leonardo was the illegitimate child of a young peasant woman, Caterina, and a respected Florentine notary, Ser Piero. His father was also a wealthy businessman and landowner. He lived with his mother until the age of five and then moved in with his father where he welcomed as a member of the family and received elementary education. At the age of 15, Leonardo began an apprentice shipRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci : The Greatest Thinkers1201 Words   |  5 PagesLeonardo da Vinci is one of the greatest thinkers in all of history. He has many skills and he has mastered everything from art, to science and engineering. He lived during a time filled with other brilliant people. The achievements that he has made in his lifetime were unimaginable and so advanced for his time period, that many of his ideas were not taken seriously until modern times. Leonardo da Vinci was born in April 15, 1452 in the Republic of Florence. He was the illegitimate son of a FlorentineRead MoreLeonardo da Vinci: An Introduction708 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ Leonardo da Vinci Introduction Leonardo da Vinci is among the most well known artists, designers, engineers and innovators in the history of the world. He may in fact be the most revered and studied artist / inventor of all time, due to his creative genius and his knack for originality in thinking and design. This paper reviews the impact that Leonardo has had on civilization since his remarkable career ended upon his death in 1519. Leonardos Legacy Leonardos birth (1452) came just twoRead MoreAnalysis of Da Vincis Work as Being Reflective and Definitive of the Renaissance Period948 Words   |  4 PagesLeonardo Da Vinci and the Renaissance Period Objective The objective of this work examines the how Leonardo Da Vincis work is reflective and definitive of the Renaissance period and as well, describes some of Da Vincis art. This work will discuss the use of line, form, color, texture, and materials as found within one of his works and will state reasons this time period was chosen to examine in this work and why it is found to be appealing. Introduction Leonardo Da Vince was born April 15,Read MoreLeonardo Da Vinci: A Man of Many Things Essay1093 Words   |  5 PagesLeonardo Da Vinci was one of the greatest minds of his time. Most will remember him for his many masterpieces including The Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, and The Vitruvian Man. But he did more than just draw works of art; he was also an inventor and a mathematician who studied a large variety of subjects. Leonardo’s life is more fascinating than any one man could imagine. He may be dead, but his work still lives on. Leonardo Da Vinci was born on Saturday April 19, 1452, just outside the small villageRead More Leonardo da vinci Essay923 Words   |  4 Pages Leonardo Da Vinci nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Leonardo Da Vinci was a man of many worlds. He was a great influence inhis time. Leonardo was known as many things. He was known as a sculptor, architect, writer, musician,philosopher, engineer, and scientist. But most of all he was known for his impressive paintings that influenced the world. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Leonardo was born in Anchiano, Italy on April 15, 1452, to Piero Da Vinci, a prominent publicRead MoreThe Quintessential Renaissance Man1083 Words   |  5 Pages a mathematician, an inventor, and a world renowned artist. This man was Leonardo da Vinci. Leonardo da Vinci, by definition, is the quintessential Renaissance man. Leonardo da Vinci was â€Å"born on April 15, 1452, in Vinci, Italy† (â€Å"Leonardo†) â€Å"Leonardo was born out of wedlock and raised by his father, a lawyer named Piero da Vinci.† (â€Å"Leonardo† Skwirk) Leonardo’s father made the decision to move to Florence Italy whenever Leonardo was 12 years old. Leonardo â€Å"lived during a period of Italian historyRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci : The Mona Lisa And The Last Supper1376 Words   |  6 PagesLeonardo Da Vinci Leonardo Da Vinci happened to be a painter, architect, inventor, and student of pretty much all things scientific. He happened to cross so many disciplines he epitomized the name of  ¨Renaissance man. ¨ If you ask people about him, most people will recognize him for his art, especially two paintings that are remaining as the worlds most admired and most famous, The Mona Lisa and the Last Supper. A fun fact about Leonardo Da Vinci is that he was self-taught. He also had dozens ofRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci And His Contributions To Western Civilization1200 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Leonardo da Vinci and His Contributions to Western Civilization Leonardo da Vinci is one of the most famous artists to have ever lived, and his contributions to the development of western civilization are irrefutable. Born on April 15, 1452, near Florence, Italy, one would not have guessed that he was destined for a life of greatness. He was the illegitimate child of an up-and-coming notary and a peasant girl, and he spent most of his childhood with his doting father (â€Å"Da Vinci - The Renaissance

Biome Shifting Free Essays

Global warming is a mostly natural process that has been going on for as long as Earth has existed. Global warming has many effects on the Earth such as rise in sea level, overall increased rise in the temperature of Earth, and even bizarre weather. However, the topic I will discuss today is how global warming causes climate changes and how this climate change affects our environment and our economic systems. We will write a custom essay sample on Biome Shifting or any similar topic only for you Order Now Climate change occurs worldwide due to the growth of greenhouse gases in our atmosphere which then traps more heat coming from the sun than it would without these gases. This makes the Earth milder which then causes change in climates over the globe to change their patterns. Bimbo shifting is one main consequence of climate change and global warming. This has a broad economic impact as it alters our infrastructure and sources of goods. However, it also poses large amounts of environmental threat as there is becoming less biodiversity and habitats are shifting. This bimbo shifting affects our infrastructure in that many of the buildings we eave built up to today haven’t been built to endure such a wide range of temperatures and as these bizarre temperatures continue to shift back and forth our infrastructure is deteriorating much faster than it would in stable weather. Considering this, the maintenance of these building will require much more funding as it will have to be done more often. This could cause economic problems as it could increase the need for higher taxes to do required maintenance on governmental buildings and public schools which reduces the amount of money being able to be circulating through everyday businesses. Bimbo shifting also affects the sources of many of our goods. On Canada’s west coast there is a species of salmon that is increasingly economically valuable. However, this species is beginning to have reduced survival rates causing decreased population density and a decrease in the amount of fish being able to be sold as goods. This hits the economy as the fish were needed to provide food or work for many people in Canada. The climate change also affects some of the forests worldwide. In Alaska, a spruce beetle population has been able to grow dramatically over 20 years due to warmer weather. This then caused over 4 million acres of spruce trees in Alaska to be destroyed by the increased population of beetles. This shows how the climate change can destroy what could be used a resources in the future. With bimbo shifting causing increased temperatures in places that normally would be cooler, some species are having to slowly shift where they find their habitats. For example the long-spines sea urchin was previously only found as far south as southern New South Wales in Australia, but now, due to increasingly warm waters and changes in currents, these sea urchins have moved farther south. They have decimated kelp forests in this region causing the ecosystem to slowly deteriorate as it becomes more and more unbalanced. Climate change is expected to threaten one quarter or more of all species on land by 2050 passing even habitat loss as the biggest threat to life on land. Bimbo shifting is a huge problem for many species as they have evolved to live within certain areas under certain conditions and as these conditions change quickly, some species are unable to adapt quickly enough to survive. When one species food source can no longer survive, that species then is heartened as it must find another food source or it will not survive either. This then causes less biodiversity as species become threatened and eventually extinct. To address this worldwide problem of bimbo shifting, scientists are trying to decrease the amount of greenhouse gases that enter our ecosystem. They are collecting emissions data and trying to get the government to impose new laws and limits considering consumption of fossil fuels. Scientists are working with engineers to create new engines for cars that reduce the amount of fossil fuels required to power them or even eliminate the need for fossil fuels altogether. Solar panels and wind turbines are also being designed to harness energy from renewable sources instead of burning fossil fuels. The U. S. Has also steered away from using coal and has begun using natural gas to power the nation. This switch has significantly reduced carbon emissions over the past decade. Though many people probably think that the effects of global warming only go as far as environmental changes, there is really a ripple effect created by these changes that branches out and causes more and more problems. Global warming is directly related to environmental, social, political, and even more aspects of the world. All of the consequences prove how we, as people who rely on the Earth to survive, need to take better care of our home. How to cite Biome Shifting, Papers

Distributive Justice free essay sample

The question at hand is distributive Justice. How should income, wealth, basics rights, liberty and power be distributed in a sovereign state, according to what principles? John Rawls refers to this as a social contract and offers a detail answer to that question. In this essay I will examine and assess Rawls answer to that question and then analyze his theory of the veil of ignorance in regards to my own ideas and beliefs. Before discussing Rawls the Original Position, we must first define Justice. According to Rawls, Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is of systems of thought. In other words, Rawls believes that Justice is a set of rules or principles people would agree to under all conditions of fairness and equality. Websters dictionary has two definitions of Justice, one states, Justice, is the process or results of using laws to fairly Judge and punish crimes and criminals, while the other define Justice as the quality of being Just, impartial, or fair. The original position is a hypothetical scenario developed by John Rawls. In this made up world, the people are entering a social contract and would be held responsible for selecting a set of principles of Justice that will govern the basic structure of society. But wait, theres a catch. The people would be selecting these principles under the Veil of Ignorance, which consists of not knowing anything about their particular abilities, tastes and socio economic status within that society. Rawls states, no one knows his place in society, his place in society, his class position or social status; nor does he now his fortune in the distribution of natural assess and abilities, his intelligence and strength. Rawls takes into account that everybody will always act to their personal interest but he believes by denying the people of the world any specific information about themselves it forces them to act morally. According to Rawls, Moral conclusions can be reached without abandoning the prudential standpoint and positing a moral outlook merely by pursuing ones own prudential reasoning under certain procedural bargaining and knowledge constraints. Rawls is for ertain that the principles agreed to under the Veil of Ignorance would fairly allocate the world resources across the board and better represent society as a whole because nobody would know their socio economic status within that society. For example, deciding whether slavery is Just or ethical, the veil of ignorance would force one to consider whether he is going to be the slave or the slave owner. According to Rawls, all rational people using the Veil of Ignorance will adopt his principle of Justice from the original position. The principles of Justice consist of the liberty principle and ifference principles. The liberty principle would be used to establish a political establishment; this establishment would be used to equally give everybody the basic rights and liberties. These liberties include freedom of speech, rights to vote, holding public office, the duty to keep promises, fairness and the right to be treated accordance to the letter of the law. Rawls used the first principle as a pre requisite for the second principle. Rawls states, for a society, to organize itself with the aim of property in order to punish thieves. He believes, that the Judgment made about the rinciples of Justice in the original position are most likely to be reasonable if everybody are playing on a equal playing field and have the same bargaining power. The difference principle would be used to instruct the people of the hypothetical scenario how income, wealth, power, social and economics inequalities should be distributed within the society. Rawls argues that inequalities are unjustifiable unless it is beneficial to least advantage. Rawls states, while the distribution of wealth and income need not be equal, it must be to everyones advantage, and at the same, ositions of authority and offices of command must be accessible to all. The difference principle wouldnt be a law of the state but rather a principle by which the people assess what the constitution or social contract of a society should be. In conclusion, Rawls take on social contracts is very fascinating because he didnt give an historical theory on how government exist but rather why government exist, what is the purpose of government, why should it exist, what makes it government legitimate and what rules people should agree to live by. I have thoroughly explained what Ra wls meant by the Original Position and his principles of Justice. I dont totally agree with Rawls that the people of his experiment would accept his theory of Justice under the Veil of Ignorance. One of the primary reasons why I disagree with Rawls is because I think it would be extremely difficult to get the world to agree on a set of principles even if they had an imaginary blindfold about their current life situations. Some nations are a so large according to their GDP that I find difficult to believe that hey forfeit their top spot to have an equal playing field across the board. As a middle class college student, I would love to see Rawls theory of The Original Position come into fruition because it would be financially and socially beneficial to me; however, I might think otherwise if I was given the task to write this paper after I graduated College. Im in a prominent field and expect to make a pretty decent living for myself post graduation, so I believe accepting to undergo Rawls social experiment under those circumstance would leave me in a worst position.

Baroque Music and Renaissance Period free essay sample

Through the words to the song he argues eloquently that although his wares might seem superficially precious, theyre worthless compared to the honesty and loyalty of his heart. Which of the songs was composed by Franciscan Bossiness, or Francis of Bosnia? Se maim per marginalia (If ever in wonder), was written by Franciscan Bossiness, or Francis of Bosnia. What is a lute? What is the history of the lute? When was the lute used? A plucked stringed instrument with a long neck bearing frets and a rounded body with a flat front that Is shaped Like a halved egg.The lute Is used In a great variety of instrumental music from the Medieval to the late Baroque eras and was the most important instrument for secular music in the Renaissance. What Is a harpsichord? Where were these Instruments often found? A keyboard Instrument with horizontal strings that run perpendicular to the keyboard In a long tapering case and are plucked by points of quill, leather, or plastic operated by depressing the k eys. We will write a custom essay sample on Baroque Music and Renaissance Period or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is used chiefly in European classical music of the 16th to 18th centuries. What is a notation knife?Knives with musical notes on the blade Many of the articles on the include a piece of artwork from the Renaissance period. How are music and art related? Do you think that the music of the period Is reflected in the art of the period? Why or why not? Music and Art are related in that their both created by Artist or Creative people through inspiration either by nature or by your surroundings or a sudden or past event. Yes, music of the renaissance period was Indeed reflected on the art. Like I said you can be Inspired by surroundings.Thats including, Music. Of the different music files that youve heard from the Renaissance period, which one do you like the best? Why? Do; event cell, belle, I Just sounds Like that old world upper class renaissance music. It has the grand palace vibe I guess. 1 OFF elements of music like tone color, rhythm, melody and so on). Todays music has changed so much that days, I think the reason is because of how much you can make on music today. The musicians didnt have a care of becoming famous because they Mere more concerned about the art.

Sergei Rachmaninoffs Piano Concerto #2 Essays - Music,

Sergei Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto #2 Ashley Dones Baker College Oct 8,2017 Sergei Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto #2 Last night I had the pleasure of attending one of the world's famous composers Mr. Sergei Rachmaninoff and view his famous Piano Concerto # 2. The beautiful Anna Fedorova opened the piece as the soloist for the piano (Youtube,2017). The conductor of the piece does a marvelous job of queuing in the orchestra to accompany the solo piano opening. It is rather sensual and inviting. Creating a wave of deep emotions that fill the theater as the tempo begins to quickly speed up (Kamien,2015). The first movement, perhaps the most famous, is just the beginning of a creative display of virtuosic piano playing built into a romantically reminiscent orchestra (Classic Cat. 2017). It rings in a central theme, creates a dark mood, and commences the concerto on good terms. What is perhaps most exciting about the first movement is the tension created in the middle of the piece that adds up to a highly climactic twist; hearing each of the instruments raise the emphasis on intensity, abrasiveness, and virtuosity while still maintaining control. (Classic Cat. 2017). This is just the first movement. The second movement slows down the moderately quick paced tempo used in movement one and focuses on resting the listener's mind and preparing it for the final part. It shows more of an expression of romanticism rather than the first movement's more contemporary virtuosic theme (Classic Cat. 2017). This is an excellent balanced move by Rachmaninoff, continuing a traditional concerto prototype: moderate, slow, fast. One may have a better analyze of the composer's romantic side of the concerto, seeing that the orchestra still has some liberty and dominance, not being overly restricted by the piano, which would normally be prominent. This is another great choice in creating a perfect balance and chemistry in this concerto. (Kamien,2015). Listening to the first two movements is only a small preview for the outstanding finale. There is hardly any possible way the audience could prepare for the final movement, which goes over the top with virtuosity and commences into something very, classically turbulent, although the orchestra seems to know just when to grab the audience's attention and this is noticeable through the constant flurries of notes between the piano and the orchestra, snaking up and down the scales. (Kamien,2015). I would highly recommend to anyone who has not seen this performance before. It has amazing sound quality and the atmosphere is absolutely breathing taking. "This might be one of the greatest masterpieces made by Rachmaninoff and possibly of the 20th century." (Classic Cat. 2017). References Rachmaninov - Piano Concerto No. 2 in C minor: description -- Classic Cat. (2017). Retrieved from http://www.classiccat.net/rachmaninov_s/18.info.php Kamien,R.(2015).Music: An appreciation Rachmaninoff: Piano Concerto no.2 op.18 - Anna Fedorova - Complete Live Concert - HD. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEGOihjqO9w

optimism in candide Essays - Motivation, Philosophy Of Life

optimism in candide Voltaire's Candide uses anti-heroism as an object of mockery against the philosophers of the Enlightenment. Candide, the hero of the novel travels around the world where he encounters many difficulties. During his travels, he sticks to the teaching of his tutor, Doctor Pangloss, believing that "everything is for the best" (3). The sheer stupidity of these illogical conclusions points out Voltaire's problem with most optimists: the illogical degree to which they would carry their doctrine.. Pangloss's interpretation of cause and effect is so ignorant as to be comical such as the physics lesson ?. While Candide tells an interesting story, it is more important as a satire. However, this does not prove Voltaire is a pessimist. In Albert Camus the plague there is a different type of optimism. As the plague takes over the town and more and more people start dying the main character Rieux is the only one who remains to have a sense of optimism. Albert Camus was taught to look on the brighter side of life from a young boy or so according to his autobiography. Like rieux who seemed to be the only one who did not seek greed or isolation during the extremely hard time. Philosophers believed that reason could be used to explain everything. The philosophers believed that people could make the world a better place to live in. Voltaire is against such optimism. Voltaire chooses to simplify it to the extent that it seemed complacent and absurd, and he went on to make us think if happiness was real .1-2). According to Voltaire true happiness can only be experienced in an unreal world. The trouble that Candide endures after leaving Eldorado culminates in his eventual abandonment of optimism. Candide loses four of his sheep laden with priceless jewels due to natural causes, and then sees his two remaining sheep stolen, and the local magistrate indifferent to the theft. "Certainly, [says Candide,] if everything goes well, it is in Eldorado and not in the rest of the world" (42). Candide goes a step further, "Oh Pangloss, cried Candide, you have no notion of these abominations! I'm through; I must give up your optimism after all. What's optimism? Said Cacamb o. Alas, said Candide, it is a mania for saying things are well when one is in hell" (40). Candide's happy view of life is contrasted with and challenged by suffering that he goes through, throughout the book. Hence, Voltaire uses the book to show foolishness of optimism. Voltaire also satirizes religion. According to him the extremely pious and the clergy are willing to turn their back on their fellow man, but those who have not even been baptized are willing to lend a helping hand. Candide, shortly after the battle, asks many religious individuals for alms, but they all, including one who had just lectured on charity, refused to aid him. Finally Jacques the Anabaptist takes pity on his fellow human, a "featherless biped possessing a soul" (6). Voltaire attacks not only the blanket optimism of Dr. Pangloss, but also the religious aspect of faith the idea that there is a good will guiding earthly events. The fact that good and bad alike suffer and die seems to be evidence that God is not in charge. Voltaire believed that God had abandoned the world because he was a Jesuit. (183). the hypocrisy of religion, especially that of the Roman Catholic Church, is recurrent in Candide. Underlying the satire of religious practices is Voltaire's outrage at all fo rms of fanaticism and intolerance. Voltaire claims that religious leaders blame "the fall of man [as the system] we put on all these individual maladies". Voltaire adds, "it is clear that the system undermines the very foundations of the Christian religion, and explains nothing at all" (88) , Camus conveys his own philosophy in a certain way so that his characters are subject to his personal ideals and morals. Camus believes there is no god, and essentially that human beings need to be responsible for their own lives ,happiness and decency .through the eyes of all of his characters .Through his use of false optimism . Wade says "Voltaire destroys the philosophy of optimism by graphically

Lord of the Flies Essay

Lord of the Flies Essay Lord of the Flies Essay 3 Arguments Lord of the flies is an important book to read because it teaches you the Importance of rules, power and violence which makes people orderly. My first argument is that there weren’t any rules which resulted in chaos. For example the result of a society without rules and regulations is demonstrated in the book by all the chaotic resulted behavior. The boys in the book are abandoned on an island without parents. Without parents, they have no one to guide them and show them family values. Another thing they do not have is schooling. Schooling guidelines keeps you in place and in order. It teaches your life lessons of right and wrongs and also increases your intelligence. Also there is no government which means no rules and no police to enforce the rules and arrest people who do not follow them. My second argument is that there was a lot of violence in the book which ended in many people being hurt and some killed. For example when they mock boar hunt on Robert they st ab him with spears and knife him to death until they remember themselves. Another example was when Roger rolled the boulder aiming at Piggy and he died. Another major issue with the violence is the strive for power that Jack and Ralph have. Ralph is not as bad as jack though. Ralph believes in democratic rights unlike Jack who quickly became a cruel and a dominating person who tries to fear the boys so they listen and follow HIS rules. Also the beast is a big violence issue due to how crazy and obsessed they get over wanting to kill it. For example when they

Green Rust - Interesting Iron Chemistry

Green Rust - Interesting Iron Chemistry Rust is the name given to a collection of iron oxides. Youll find rust in all situations where unprotected iron or steel is exposed to the elements. Did you know rust comes in colors besides red? There is brown, orange, yellow and even green rust! Green rust is an unstable corrosion product typically produced in a low-oxygen environment, such as on rebar in the chlorine-rich environment of seawater. The reaction between seawater and steel may result in [FeII3 FeIII (OH)8] [Cl ·H2 O]-, a series of iron hydroxides. Depassivation of steel to form green rust occurs when the ratio of concentration of chloride ions to hydroxide ions is greater than 1. Therefore, rebar in concrete, for example, may be protected from green rust if the alkalinity of the concrete is high enough. Green Rust and Fougerite There is a natural mineral which is the equivalent to green rust called fougerite. Fougerite is a blue-green to blue-gray clay mineral found in certain wooded regions of France. The iron hydroxide is believed to give rise to other related minerals. Green Rust in Biological Systems The carbonate and sulfate forms of green rust have been identified as by-products of ferric oxyhydoxide reduction in iron-reducing bacteria. For example, Shewanella putrefaciens produces hexagonal green rust crystals. Scientists speculate green rust formation by bacteria occurs naturally in aquifers and wet soil. How to Make Green Rust Several chemical processes produce green rust: Electrochemically oxidizing iron plates can form a green carbonate rust.Green rust may be prepared by bubbling carbon dioxide through a suspension of iron(III) hydroxide  Fe(OH)3  in  iron(II) chloride FeCl2.Green sulfate rust may result from mixing FeCl2 ·4H2O and NaOH solution to precipitate Fe(OH)2. Sodium sulfate Na2SO4 is added and the mixture is oxidized in air.

The French Terms of Order of Events

The French Terms of Order of Events The English word then has two distinct meanings: one related to consequence and the other to time. These two meanings translate differently into French, and the various synonyms fall roughly into two groups: Words commonly used to explain the consequences or effect of an action, like  ainsi,  alors, and  donc,And terms used to indicate the sequence of events, such as  aprà ¨s,  ensuite, and  puis.   Cause and Effect Ainsi 1. so, thus, therefore  (adverb)   Ainsi, jai dà ©cidà © de partir.   So I decided to leave.Jai perdu mon emploi, ainsi je ne peux pas acheter la voiture.   I lost my job, so I cant buy the car. This use of ainsi is roughly interchangeable with donc (below). 2. this way, like that Si tu vas agir ainsi, je ne peux pas taider.   If youre going to act like that, I cant help youCest ainsi ; tu dois laccepter.   Thats the way it is; you have to accept itAinsi va la vie.   Such is life.Ainsi soit-il.   So be it. 3. ainsi que:  just as, like, as well as  (conjunction) Ainsi que javais pensà ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚  Just as I thought†¦   Je suis impressionà © par son intelligence ainsi que son honnà ªtetà ©.   I am impressed by his intelligence as well as his honesty. Alors 1.  then, so, in that case  (adverb)   Tu ne vas pas la fà ªte ? Alors, moi non plus.   Youre not going to the party? Then I wont either.Elle ne comprend pas, alors il faut laider.   She doesnt understand, so we need to help her.Je nai pas mangà ©, alors il est difficile de me concentrer.   I didnt eat, so its difficult to concentrate. When used in this way, alors is more or less interchangeable with the first meanings of ainsi and donc; however, alors is not as strong in its cause-effect.  It means so or then rather than therefore. In other words, ainsi and donc indicate that something happened, and specifically because of that, something else happened. Alors, on the other hand, is more well then I guess this will/did happen.2.  so, then, well  (filler)   Alors, quest-ce quon va faire ?  Ã‚  So what are we going to do?Alors l, je nen sais rien.  Ã‚  Well, I dont know anything about that.Et alors ?   And then? So what? 3.  at that time Il à ©tait alors à ©tudiant.   At that time, he was a student. /  He was a student at the time.Le prà ©sident dalors Bill Clinton†¦Ã‚  Ã‚  The president at that time /  Then-president Bill Clinton†¦ 4.  alors que: at that time, while; even though  (conjunction)   Il est allà © la banque alors que je faisais les achats.   He went to the bank while I did the shopping.Il est sorti alors que je ne voulais pas.   He went out even though I didnt want to. Donc 1.  therefore, so, thus  (conjunction)   Il nest pas arrivà ©, donc jai dà » manger seul.   He didnt arrive, so I had to eat alone.Je pense, donc je suis (Renà © Descartes).   I think, therefore I am. This usage of donc is interchangeable with the first meaning of ainsi. The only difference is that donc is a conjunction and, in theory, must join two clauses, whereas ainsi can be used with one or two clauses. In reality, donc is often used with just one clause as well: Donc je suis allà ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ So I went†¦ When used in this sense, both ainsi and donc indicate a cause-effect relationship. 2.  then, it must be, in that case Si ce nest pas Philippe cest donc Robert.  Ã‚  If its not Philippe then it is (it must be) Robert.Jai perdu mon stylo donc celui-ci est toi.  Ã‚  I lost my pen so this one must be yours. 3.  then, so  (intensifier or filler)   Donc, elle à ©tait enceinte ?   Was she pregnant, then? So was she pregnant?Voil donc notre conclusion.   So here is our conclusion.Qui donc à ªtes-vous ?   So who are you?Allons donc !   Come on (already)! This usage is similar to the way so is used in English. Technically, so indicates a cause-effect relationship, but it is often used colloquially as a filler. For example, you might greet someone and say So I bought a car or So, are you going out tonight? even though nothing was said previously that the so is linking back to. Sequence of Events Aprà ¨s 1.  after  (preposition)   Il a tà ©là ©phonà © aprà ¨s toi.   He called after you (did).Aprà ¨s avoir tout lu†¦ (past infinitive) After having read everything†¦ 2.  afterwards, later  (adverb)   Viens me voir aprà ¨s.   Come see me afterwards.Quest-ce qui sest passà © aprà ¨s ?   What happened later/afterwards? Aprà ¨s is not interchangeable with ensuite and puis. Those adverbs indicate a sequence of events, whereas aprà ¨s simply modifies a verb to say what will/did happen at a later time. There is no sense of progression from one action to the next when using aprà ¨s. 3.  aprà ¨s que: after  (conjunction)   Aprà ¨s quil est mort, jai dà ©mà ©nagà © en Belgique.   After he died, I moved to Belgium.Je vais le faire aprà ¨s quil arrivera.   Im going to do it after he arrives. Aprà ¨s que is followed by the indicative, not the subjunctive. However, when describing something that has not happened yet, the verb after aprà ¨s que is in the future, rather than in the present, as it is in English. Ensuite 1. then, next, later  (adverb)   Jai mangà © et ensuite je me suis habillà ©.   I ate and then I got dressed.Je suis allà © la banque et ensuite au musà ©e.   I went to the bank and then (to) the museum.Il ma dit ensuite que†¦   And then he told me†¦, / He told me later that†¦ Puis 1. then, next  (adverb)   Jai mangà ©, puis je me suis habillà ©.   I ate and then I got dressed.Je suis allà © la banque et puis au musà ©e.   I went to the bank and then (to) the museum.Puis il ma dit que†¦   Then he told me†¦ This meaning of puis is interchangeable with ensuite, except for the sense of later, which only ensuite has. They do not indicate a cause-effect relationship; they simply relate a sequence of events. 2.  et puis: and besides, moreover (conjunction) Je nai pas envie de sortir, et puis je nai pas dargent.   I dont feel like going out, and besides, I dont have any money.Nous devons à ©tudier, et puis toi aussi.   We have to study, and so do you.

The Law of Torts for Protection the Interests of the Other People Essay

The Law of Torts for Protection the Interests of the Other People - Essay Example The issue in this research is that Mark dug a certain portion of his yard to build a wall around his front garden. During the process, heavy rain disturbed him and he did not bother to cover the exposed area and a heap of rubble falls into the street. Dick is hit by some stones and is injured on his leg. On the other hand, Laura, Dick’s mother suffers a nervous breakdown after seeing Dick’s injuries. Tony who was riding his scooter down the street fell and broke his arm when hit by some rubble from the open pit. Jacque who was on the other side of the road assisted Tony after the accident and she was later infected with a rare form of blood poisoning which is caused by bacteria found in the soil. From the above scenario, it can be observed Dick, Laura, Tony, and Jacque have rights to file a lawsuit against Mark who is liable for the tort of negligence. In order for the plaintiffs in the above-mentioned scenarios to win their cases, they must prove to the courts that Mar k owed them a duty care and that duty of care has been breached. In order to prove the existence of daycare duty, some conditions should prevail as illustrated by the case of Capiro Industries vs. Dickman. These conditions include foreseeability, proximity as well as reasonability. The occupiers also owe a duty care to ensure that all people who enter their premises are not injured even the trespassers. However, duty care does not always exist hence these factors need to be taken into account. Broadly speaking, some situations are foreseeable to any reasonable person before they embark on a particular action. Â  From the above case scenario, it can be noted that Mark was not reason enough to leave the excavated area unprotected. As illustrated in the case of Hackshaw v. Shaw, occupiers have a duty care to all who pass through their places even trespassers. It can also be seen that it was foreseeable that a storm was building and Mark was not likely to complete his job on time. The element of proximity also exists where Mark excavated an area that was close to the road. As such, it is advisable that Dick, Laura, Tony, and Jacque take legal action against Mark since they can prove to the court that Mark’s actions have been negligent and have led to their injuries. Reasonable people usually do not behave the way Mark acted. Â  

Deontological Second Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Deontological Second Paper - Essay Example In order to discuss the ethical acceptability of the direct-to-consumer marketing of pharmaceutical drugs from a deontological point of view, it is good to consider Kant’s categorical imperative. The categorical imperative is the central philosophical theory in the deontological moral philosophy proposed by Immanuel Kant in his work Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals in 1785. This philosophical concept is generally accepted as a way of analyzing motivations for action. â€Å"Kant’s categorical imperative states that an action is morally right if and only we can will that the maxim (or principle) represented by our action be a universal law† (as qtd in Shaw 58). Kant strongly says that reason alone can produce a moral law and there is no need of empirical reasoning to arrive at absolute moral truth. Kant specifically tells that a moral rule should be consistently universalizable and free from internal contradiction. As Masters cite from Kant, moral rules must be based on categorical imperatives but not hypothetical imperatives (111). He adds that those rules must necessarily bind everyone unconditionally, and should not take specific goals or desires of individuals into account. Referring to Kant’s categorical imperatives, it is unethical to allow the direct-to-consumer marketing of pharmaceutical drugs. As George describes in the case study, it is clear that the pharmaceutical industry spent $1.19 billion on TV ads in 2005 (319). Although the industry leaders claim that these TV ads educate people about a variety of illnesses and keep them informed of the possible drugs to treat those illnesses, it is obvious that their actual motive is to generate more sales and to increase profits. When prescription drugs are marketed on a business motive, healthcare becomes a commodity, and the situation hurts fundamental human values. Actually, prescription

Marketing paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing paper - Essay Example Timex generally targets the younger generation and kids (Hindustan Studies and Service Limited â€Å"Marketing Management†). For example, Timex targeted the active lifestyle with Ironman and Triathlon (Mechanical Science and Engineering, â€Å"Ways of Segmenting Market). Timex Group in their brand portfolio strategy provides their offerings to diverse consumer segments from ‘mass premium to luxury’ and also provides their watches to varied psychographic segments (Timex Group India Ltd, â€Å"Press Releases†). On the other hand, psychographic and demographic profiles of target market of Rolex consist of higher income group consumers who buy the product for status and dignity. The consumers of Rolex are basically the well-off segment of the society (American Management Association, â€Å"Two Examples†). 2.0 Four P’s Marketing of Timex and Rolex in their Websites Objective of Their Website Marketing Strategy The primary objective of website mark eting of Timex is to leverage the brand in order to increase traffic and revenue that comes from its website. The company had put into operation Adobe SearchCenter + along with Adobe SiteCatalyst to boost its performance of website which result in a 35% development in sales conversion and a $5 rise in average order size. Website is utilized to engage customers and make extra sales revenue. It helps customers to purchase difficult-to-find lines or products sold in other countries. Through its online presence, Timex.com planned to provide customers with complete product information and facilitate them to find the nearest retail outlet, in addition to view and purchase products. In order to reach the objectives, the company decided to find out various ways to enhance traffic to its website and keep consumers engaged on the site for longer period of time, with the definitive goals of lessening abandonment and growing conversions (Timex, â€Å"Challenge†). Similarly, Rolex also de veloped the objectives to make online promotion of its products in order to make people aware of it in the market. The customers can update themselves from the latest available products in the market. They can also purchase the product online as well as acquire the idea of nearest specialty stores from which they can make the purchase (Rolex, â€Å"About Rolex†). Use of Prices Differently in Each Company Timex generally sells comparatively inexpensive watch that focuses on the mass market and on the other hand, the Rolex watches are general highly expensive as they provide importance to quality image of the product (American Management Association. â€Å"Two Examples†). Price Range for Each Brand The brand of Timex are GC= $100(approx); Guess = $30-$117; Marc Ecko = $95-$158; Nautica = $149-$210; Opex = $63-$112; Salvatore Ferragamo= $130-$2170; Timex= $49.95-$109.95; TX = $375 - $725 Valentino Timeless = $1,000 - $15,000; Versace = $1,975 - $4,975 (Timex Group,  "Explore Our Brands†). The brand of Rolex are Datejust = $229, Day Date = $360, Daytona = $229, Submariner = $249 (Watch-Watches.Net, â€Å"Watch Watches†). The price range of Rolex is $200 to $10000 (Scribd, â€Å"Rolex†). Promotion of Products of Companies beyond Their Website Timex promotes its product by distributing it through retail stores and advertises in TV and magazines as well (Smith & Strand, â€Å"

Summary of Aristotle's ethical system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Summary of Aristotle's ethical system - Essay Example Another motivating factor is an honor, but again this emphasizes more on praising others. For this reason, Aristotle concludes that the means of attaining happiness, which is also the main purpose of human existence, is the virtue. In particular, happiness is said to be complete without qualification because it is chosen for itself, and people never choose it for anything else. Virtues, however, are chosen for the sake of happiness. These virtues can be intellectual such as judgment, wisdom and practical wisdom, while others maybe character such as temperance and generosity Virtue involves an individual’s habit and choices. When a person makes the right decisions, they eventually develop a virtuous disposition of habit which allows them to make decisions a lot easier when they encounter the same type of problems. In essence, an individual will no longer have to run through a list of options each and every time they encounter an ethical problem, but will instead apply what they used previously. Another question that arises is how to make the right decisions. According to Aristotle, making the right choices involves the people following virtue: which is a mean between two extremes of excess and defect. This means that when an individual is faced is in a certain situation; they will tend to make a choice that is equidistant from two possible extremes. For instance, when a person is faced with a defect of cowardliness and an excess of rashness, an individual would settle for an average of courage.

Current Therapy Trends for Specific Phobias and Their Long-term Essay

Current Therapy Trends for Specific Phobias and Their Long-term Effectiveness - Essay Example A simple phobia, which was earlier known as simple phobia is thus a lingering and unreasonable fear that is caused by the presence or thought of a specific object or situation that normally poses little or no real danger. Faced by such an object or situation the response is an immediate reaction that causes the individual to feel severe anxiety that. The consequence is that the individual avoids the specific object or situation. The severe distress caused to the individual interferes with the ability of the individual to function normally. Though adults with specific phobia recognize and understand that the fear they feel is excessive or not given to reason, they find themselves unable to overcome such fears (Specific Phobias). â€Å"Persistent fear of a circumscribed stimulus (object or situation), other than fear of having a panic attack (as in panic disorder) or of humiliation, or embarrassment in certain social situations (as in social phobia). The fear or associated avoidance behavior significantly interferes with the person’s normal routine or with usual social activities or relationships with others, or there is marked distress about having the fear. Specific phobias are of different types and are classified based on the object or situation that causes it. Specific phobias include animal phobias like fear of dogs, snakes, insects, or mice; situational phobias like flying, riding a car, driving, going over bridges or tunnels, or of being in an enclosed space; natural environment phobias like fear of storms, heights, or water; blood-injection-injury phobias like, fear of seeing blood or of invasive medical procedures, such as blood tests or injections, or fear of being injured; other phobias like fear of falling down, fear of loud sounds, or fear of costumed characters, such as clowns. An individual could be affected by one or more specific phobias (Specific Phobias). The U.S.

Plato’s and Cicero’s life and Political Ideas Essay Example for Free

Plato’s and Cicero’s life and Political Ideas Essay Between 429-347 BCE, were the period of Plato and his ocean of philosophical dispositions and carried the most deep-seated political, social and intellectual thoughts. His questions raised the consciousness of intellectuals, students and general people making them think every aspect of their life from new and fresh perspective. As said by Alfred North Whitehead, â€Å"All Western philosophy consists of footnotes to Plato. † (Garvey 7) Plato was a student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, and naturally in his works there is a reflection of Socrates thoughts and ideologies. But while remembering, Plato we should not forget Cicero, 106-43 B. C. who was himself part of many of the political developments of his time. He was not only a philosopher but also an orator, lawyer and politician. He laid more importance to politics over philosophy. His philosophical works came about only in the period when he was forced to refrain himself from politics. Though he was neither considered as exceptional thinker nor we can see any originality in his works yet his thoughts on various aspects of philosophy exerted tremendous influence on many thinkers after many years to come. His popularity rose in 19th century. There is no comparison between Plato and Cicero as they were both of different ages and had their own distinct attributes, yet if we give deep thoughts into their philosophical works what we get is what we call slight deviations in their thoughts on Politics. Plato was born in Athens during 428-7 B. C. E but there is no certainty about this date because according to Diogenes Laertius, Plato was born in the same year when Pericles died. He was also considered to be six years younger than Socrates was and his death came when he passed the youthful years of his life-at the age of 84. If according to Apollodorus’ version, the death date of Plato is correct then his birth date should lie between 430 or 431 but Diogenes put his birth in 429. Diogenes further said that if Plato was the twenty years old at the time of Socrates murder in 399 then his year of birth should be 427. These years between 429-347 B. C. E is considered to be very appropriate, whereas, Cicero was born on 3rd January 106 BC in Arpinum, as Arpino today. It is a hill town situated 100 kilometres towards south of Rome. This small Italian got Roman citizenhsip in 188 B.  C. and began to speak Latin rather than their language Volscian before they were enfranchised by Romans. The assimilation of nearby Italian communities into Rome laid Cicero’s future as a Roman statesman, orator and writer. Though he had a great mastery over Latin rhetoric and composition but Cicero would never from him heart considered himself as a â€Å"Roman† and he was aware of this fact through out his life. During this period of Roman history, it was considered as cultured to able to speak both the Greek and Latin languages. Like many of his contemporaries, Cicero also got education in Greek rhetoricians, and their most influential teachers of their time was also Greek. His knowledge of Greek language enabled him to translate many of its theological concepts into Latin brining maximum number of common people into the world of Greek philosophical thoughts. He was so inclined towards the study of Greek culture and language that he would be called by the other boys as â€Å"Little Greek boy†, yet it is his obsession with the Greek language that made him tied to the traditional Roman elite. The family of Cicero belonged to the local class of nobles known as domi nobles, but without any tie with the Roman senatorial class. Cicero was only connected to Gaius Marius, the most popular person born in Arpinium. In 80 B. C. , he led the most popular faction during civil war against optimates of Lucius Cornelius Sulla. Cicero’s father was a knight who would compensate his personal life by reading books. His mother was Helvia who was a very good housewife. (Clayton Online edition) Plato’s was also fortunate to be born in a noble family of Athens. He was the son of Aristone and his mother’s name was Perictone. He got his nickname from the wrestler’s broad shouldered physique. He was expected to follow the family’s tradition of politicians but when he witnessed that Athens entered into conflict with Sparta during Peloponnesian war, he aliented himself from politics and at the age of twenty, joined the School of Socrates. Socrates main ambition was to seek the truth and further explore on the issues like virtue and pity. He also critcised religious and political institutions but allegations began to be levid against him from all corners as he was charged for corrupting the mind of youths. Plato captured the nerves of the society at large and pened down his earnest views followed by Apology and Crito. When Socrates died, Plato opened his academy in a grove which was considered to be sacred to the demigod Academus, near Athens. The importance of Academy grew when Aristotle became its student. Astronomy, Mathematics, and Philosophy were the subjects taught in the Academy. Few years of his life, Plato spent in travelling gaining more knowledge in the other parts of Mediterranean whereas rest part of his life was spent in Athens until he died in 347 B. C.  Ralph Waldo Emerson, a great American essayist, philosopher, a poet and a leader of Transcendentalist movement of the nineteenth century evoked, Plato is philosophy, and philosophy, Plato, at once the glory and the shame of mankind, since neither Saxon nor Roman have availed to add any idea to his categories. †Ã¢â‚¬â€(Emerson, Spiller, Ferguson Slater Carr 23) Plato understood politics from the angle of justice and democracy. His aim was to give the rulers the main principle of what constituted real politics. For Plato, politics was an application of what metaphysics and ethics considered as true. His ideal world was something which was true, good and therefore virtuous. He gave to the world the best mouth piece of the study of human behavior and his relation with society. His â€Å"Republic† was his ideological stand point whereby he posed number of questions and pondered their answers in the light of various assumptions and dynamics of society. His main question comes from the light of what is good and bad in their world-Why should we be good and why in this cruel world, wicked are more happy and successful? To find out the answer to this question, Plato had to invite the whole community-the Polis. In other words , if you can find out the right direction to form polis which is healthy then the importance to individual happiness is ruled out. For Plato, justice is a base which could only be frutifully gained by bringing about balance in wisdom, courage and temperance. For Plato, even an ideal state can be self desructive. Plato posited the view that even ideal state where all have equal rights could also be destructive and it could be happen in turn by the very basic concept on which democracy stands. Though Republic, the Statesman, the Laws are three main political dialogues of Plato, and they developed their ideologies on the basis of what today is termed as conceptual analysis-in other words clarification of the basic principles on which politics stands and its importance. For Plato, this conceptual analysis was a preliminary stage for further critical evaluation of thought processes. According to Plato, making right decisions on the administration and making right choice between peace and war are the two most crucial initial steps of good politics. Such decisions could not be left into the hands of public only but by good orator. Cicero’s works included fifty speeches, around thousand letters to friends and associates, among them the several of his works included rhetorical theories and twelve out of them are on philosophical topics. These display great intellectual thoughts that deepen Cicero’s conviction that both the philosophy and rhetoric are independent to each other and are very important for human life and society. His works on philosophy stand witness to the rhetorical techniques and style of Roman oratory. The political philosophy of Plato was largely based on speculations about ideal state. Though he did conceptualize his points by imploring upon the city-states of Greece and events in current political scenario, yet his discussions evolved largely around what he and other intellectuals thought to be ideal states. The essence of his ideological state lied in the needs of the man on the individual level and on the whole and these needs of the man joined them together to work for the common goal. The members that make the society could be divided into different classes according to their particular work criteria. As according to Plato, in man, there are two different souls in the same way in the society also, there are three different classes: philosophers, warriors, and producers; one of which belongs to the rational souls and the rest two belong to the irrational souls and each class has its own particular role to fulfill. For e. g. philosophers run the state, warriors defend it and producers cultivate their skills to produce the materialistic goods needed by the state. On the other hand, much of the Cicero’s political thoughts followed Aristotle concept of ideal state. For Cicero, there were three main forms of government; monarchy, aristocracy, and the constitutional state, but he also believed that there is every scope of perversion in each form of government, which emerges from those who do not have regard for the public good. Not one form of government is perfectly good. Instead Cicero prescribed what is known as composite form of government with the principles of monarchy, aristocracy and democracy. This form of government today is known as Common Wealth form of Government and Cicero termed as the Res Publica, literally known as â€Å"The People’s thing. His composite republic is based on the monarchical principle, also known as consuls; the aristocratic is likened to the Senate of Rome, which performs both the legislative and executive functions. The democratic principles are tribunes referred to as committees (comitia) in ancient Rome. Rather than revolutionary or politically visionary, Cicero was being considered more as a â€Å"political conservative† who was eager to preserve the Roman Republic against the designs of Julius Caesar, Mark Anthony, and Octavian whose aim was to make Rome into their own personal empire. But Cicero did not succeed in preventing Roman Republic from collapse and was murdered by the followers of Mark Anthony. (Marcus Cicero, Section 12). Cicero’s law was based on these two: â€Å"That true law was reason, That good is always good, that bad is always bad and in traditional Roman values. † (Simmons Online) He criticized all other form of constitutions for breaching the rights and interests of people and conveyed that political system should provide legal rights to every one equally but give electoral, legislative and judicial rights in accordance to their merit and wealth. Cicero’s first book On the Orator laid importance of Oratory in the politics of Rome. Oratory had been part of the Roman politics, and Cicero mainly superimposed its value. His discussions merely revolved around education basically history and poetry with composition of logic, philosophical theory and rhetorical techniques. As said by Stephen Whites’s, â€Å"Orator, clearly reflects Cicero’s own proficiencies, unites thorough knowledge of history and law with complete command of in a Romanized version of Platos philosopher-rulers†. (White online edition). Both Plato and Cicero wanted education to be based on philosophy to produce best statesman. While Plato’s more emphasis was on training on mathematical ground and transcendental metaphysics, Cicero wanted many practical programs of instructions designed to cultivate articulacy and civic debate. (White Online edition). His On the Republic is his much thought provoking dialects on leadership and politics. It was almost lost but its first third was recovered in 1820. On the Republic is a challenge of Plato’s Greek political theory based on utopian thoughts. He defined republic as â€Å"a peopl’e affair, â€Å"(res populi) and people as a community who have joined in to one consensus on their mutual interest. His other part constitutes his explanation on types of constitutions in classical Greek style and developed the data on the development of Roman institutions; whereas some of the sections which are either lost or preserved in very poor state have in short explanation of Hellenistic debates on the nature and rewards of justice and the discussions on education system of Rome. Yet another of his book On Laws is a sequel to a legal system. Contradicting Plato’s laws, he contended that Rome already had embodied itself much the ideals of law. On Laws truly appeared to be very important in the sense that it contains full account of natural law. Based entirely on Stoic ideas, Cicero contended that the whole concept of law is already a part of nature with an appropriate order, which could be codified in legislation for final tribunal in a court of law. After these writings, civil war erupted and he did not go further into this, but last of his books summed up his thinking on political grounds by bringing out the importance of morality in public life. In his On Duties which was his epistle to his son, he gave the routes to bestow on the proper code of conduct for Roman nobility emphasizing justice, benefaction and public service. His entire focus was on the men of high status and their way of dealing with the problems relating to personal ambitions and social obligations. Cicero too always stood on his profound trust on the noblest trait of human beings, which is their humanity and inculcate reasoning power to improve the lives of human beings. His thoughts on humanism are best skewed in his â€Å"On the Ends of Good and Evil†. The dialogue herein reflects on the question of what and where is the end of all human actions and the way you attain the happiness. Cicero agreed with Aristotle and saw that human beings are political or social animals. â€Å"But nature has given to mankind a compulsion to do good, and a desire to defend the well being of the community . (Cicero Rudd R I. 1). † But the most influential model book was The Republic by Plato. Cicero’s homage to the Republic was found in its expression in the section which was lost but also found its place in his concluding marks of the cosmos and the afterlife (The Dream of Scipio), which reflects the myth of err by the end of the Plato’s end book. Plato has been directly quoted and or reflected several times. Cicero’s Scipio states that, â€Å"Rather than invent a city for themselves as Plato did, he prefers to examine a real historical stance (The Roman Constitution) which comes closet to the ideal†. (Cicero, Rudd, Powell xvi) But it was also mistake to espouse that, because Cicero had departed from Plato in certain way, his Republic is in very deep sense anti-platonic. It is further said that â€Å"Cicerio’s Scipio was enough of a Platonist to regard philosophy and astronomy as wise man’s true occupation, and to declare that one should take political offices only our of sense of duty or necessity, as Plato’s Guardian do. (I-26-29)( Cicero, Rudd, Powell 17) There are many similarities between the Plato’s Republic and Cicero, de ra republic. Each formulated on the account of relationship between citizen and state. Both of them discussed on justice, both of them bestowed theory of constitution. Both of them also had mentioned discussion on education and a vision of an after life. Sharpely too suggested that â€Å"Cicero Republic in the sense, Plato’s turned inside out. † (Cicero Zetzel 14) In the Republic by Plato, Socrates and his friends are trying to implore and analyze on what should be an ideal city but do not want to analyze the state in which he was living. Plato and Cicero were only mouthpieces in an arena of political thoughts in their respective periods whereas in Ciceros De re publica, all the comments whether directly or indirectly emphasized on the organization of the state they ought to be living, which was Roman Republic in the final stages.

HRM Human Resource Management in TESCO Organization

HRM Human Resource Management in TESCO Organization Identification of the organisations business strategy, mission and goals Tesco is, as Brand Finance (2014) notes, the largest retailer in UK, as well as being a highly significant retailer globally. As of 2014, Tesco is operating in 12 countries globally, and there are presently 6,780 Tesco stores. In addition, the company employs approximately 500,000 people worldwide. In addition to its core business in the grocery sector, Tesco has also diversified to offer a range of other products and services, such as personal finance and mobile phones. It has developed its ‘bricks and mortar’ business model to include an increasing emphasis upon modern day technology, through Tesco Direct (Ma, Ding and Hong, 2010) and the customer relationship management programme, Clubcard (Felgate, Fearne and di Falco, 2011). Business strategy Tesco’s has, as Schiraldi, Smith and Takahashi (2012) comment, a well-established and consistent business strategy that has enabled the company not only to strengthen the core UK business but also to expand successfully into a range of new markets. Those markets that were not successful, such as the US Fresh Easy stores, have been off-loaded in order to limit group-wide losses (Tyrell, 2014). Tesco’s business strategies mainly focus, as Wood and McCarthy (2014) further postulate, on the huge UK domestic grocery market, along with financial services, and telecommunications. Evaluating its business strategy, Schiraldi, Smith and Takahashi (2012) assert that one of the main objectives of Tesco’s business strategy is to create sustainable, long-term growth. According to Tesco plc (2014), this will be achieved by world-wide expansion. With this goal in mind, the company initially focused on expanding its business enterprises into Asia and central Europe. Tesco primarily focuses, according to Metzger (2014), on five key market sectors: 1) its core UK business, 2) the communities in which it operates, 3) non-food products, both within and beyond those offered ‘in store’, 4) retailing services, and 5) international markets. The company has, as this essay discusses, separate strategies for each of these aspects. The major objectives of Tesco’s business strategy include being a successful retailer internationally, facilitating the continued growth of the core UK business, being strong in the non-food market, the further development of various retailing services like telecommunications, Tesco personal finance and Tesco.com, and giving to the communities in which it operates, so as to strengthen brand loyalty (Piercy, Cravens and Lane, 2010). Tesco’s core UK business is the most important part of the entire business and accounts for 70% of group sales (Tesco, 2014). There are, as already noted, almost 3,400 Tesco stores employing around 310,000 people in the UK; these people are employed in five main, distinctively different, types of store, in order of size format: Tesco Extra, Superstore, Express, Metro, and One Stop. In addition, there are other format stores, such as Homeplus, Dobbies, and internet shopping options. There are presently 247 Extra stores, 482 Superstores, 195 Metro, 1,672 Express, and 722 One Stop stores, which, quite literally, give Tesco a presence in almost every town within the country (Tesco, 2014). In commenting upon how Tesco has developed its business model in light of lessons learned from the current global recession, it is suggested by Piercy, Cravens and Lane (2010) that the primary realisation has been that people want more value for their money but they do not want to compromise on product quality. This message can be seen to have been acted upon by Tesco in a number of ways. First, Tesco has enhanced promotion of its ‘Value’ range, coupled with less advertising of its premier ‘Finest’ range. Secondly, the rewarding of customer loyalty has led Tesco to create a world-leading customer loyalty programme called ‘Clubcard’. According to Tesco (2014), fulfilling corporate responsibility and creating value within the communities it operates are crucial for achieving growth. Tesco believes, as Blythman (2012) further notes, that each and every strategy that it designs has an impact on the community. Tesco’s strategies regarding corporate responsibility include providing active support to local community, providing good jobs to locals, and taking care of the environment. In addition, the company is aiming to create zero carbon stores in the future (Rosethorn, 2009). The main objective of Tesco’s non-food strategy is to become as strong in this arena as it is in the food category. Tesco’s Dobbies, Homeplus and Extra stores are the three store formats where non-food products are available, the latter in addition to food. In 2000, Tesco Direct, the company’s online store where more than 125,000 products are available, was launched. The company has 25 distribution centres, out of which six deal with clothing and non-food products (Tesco, 2014). Cumulatively, these distribution centres deliver goods to an estimated 500,000 customers per week in the online sector only (Tesco, 2014); this division of the company has experienced rapid growth, showing the importance of diversification to the continued growth of the company (Ma, Ding and Hong, 2010). Tesco’s various retail services include Tesco Bank, Tesco.com and Tesco telecommunications. In the UK, Tesco Bank is the most successful supermarket bank (Scuffham, 2014), which once more shows how invaluable diversification has been to the continued success and growth of the group as a whole. Furthermore, developing Tesco.com was a strategy of keeping pace with modern trends in shopping which may result, in the future, in fewer resources being applied to traditional ‘bricks and mortar’ strategies, and more being routed towards on-line consumers. Identification of the organisations overall HRM strategy and goals This section discusses the overall human resource management (HRM) strategy and goals of Tesco. Given the global reach of the chain, it is imperative that managers make a complete and feasible HRM plan and use different strategies to manage employees. This will include changing strategies to account for local customs and variations (Brennan, Moore and Mughan, 2013). The human resource strategy presently utilised at Tesco’s revolves, as Merkel, Jackson and Pick (2010) discuss, around the training and development of employees, communication and consultation, and rewards and benefits linked to achieving targets. This triple-headed approach to HRM has been successful over the years and has helped the firm to retain and recruit well-motivated staff who present a professional appearance to customers and are proud to work for Tesco. The most significant part of the HRM strategy of Tesco is training and development in terms of both time and money (Tesco, 2014). Every year, Tesco employs a large number of staff and a critical component of this, in addition to ‘front line’ shop staff, is the recruitment of high quality graduates from leading universities (Rosethorn, 2009). It is imperative, given the academic background of these recruits, that they are trained in ‘the Tesco way’ and introduced as quickly as possible to the corporate structure and mentality of the firm. This is why the training of graduates through specific recruitment programmes is essential (Merkel, Jackson and Pick, 2010). Tesco does not merely, however, favour graduates. It values all its staff as important resources and promises each of its employees that they will have a chance to develop their skill set and progress through the company (Fernie and Moore, 2013). This implies, in the opinion of the author, that each employee has the same opportunity to acquire essential skills relating to their work and the same opportunity to develop themselves to learn new knowledge. In the UK, skilled specialist employees in traditional occupations, such as fishmongers and bakers, can attain recognised qualifications during their careers at Tesco and, in 2008, 97.4% of shop-floor and 99.9% of Tesco.com employees in the UK were trained to bronze level (competent); 94.2% of shop-floor employees achieved silver level competence (expert or experienced). Such data suggests, as Ma, Ding and Hong (2010) comment, that Tesco realises the importance of investing in its staff and is keen to retain and develop a large number of skilled workers. In addition to the training programme evaluated above, Tesco has an Options development program. In this program, staff can select and learn skills that they need to grasp so as to progress to the next work level within the firm – this is, therefore, a form of self-guided career professional development. One in 30 employees of Tesco in the UK participate this programme, according to Tesco (2014). Mindful of its success, Tesco expanded this programme into Central Europe and Asia in 2009 (Brannen, Moore and Mughan, 2013). This suggests that different parts of the company can benefit from positive innovations trialled elsewhere. The second major part of its HRM programme is tied into issues pertaining to communication and consultation. Tesco wants to know the views of employees on problems which affect them and the wider company. This form of ‘bottom-up’ feedback is common in companies with a global presence, as Brannen, Moore and Mughan (2013) note. Managers are now encouraged to use different types of communication to gather feedback that can be used to develop the company further. This includes, according to Fernie and Sparks (2014), staff question times, face-to-face interviews, and use of the in-house internet. In addition, Tesco undertakes an annual staff survey and ‘Viewpoint’, which are anonymous and confidential (Tesco, 2014). Tesco uses these approaches to find the problems in working processes as soon as possible, so that it can address them and ensure that it responds to them in a manner so as to maximise returns. The third part of Tesco’s HRM strategy relates to rewards and benefits (Merkel, Jackson and Pick, 2010). Tesco tries to keep a competitive HRM edge over its major supermarket rivals by offering a basic wage that is as high as possible. This is enhanced by long-term reward plans and share bonuses (Tesco, 2014). Analysis of the various components of Tesco HRM Human resource management at Tesco involves various activities, including recruitment talent analysis, provision of a good working environment, programmes aimed at retaining employees who have good performance, and ensuring that all are treated equally (Rosethorn, 2009). These divergent trends within HRM are all important as, without them, employees may not feel valued. Increasing employee self-worth is, as Merkel, Jackson and Pick (2010) note, a valuable tool in the arsenal of the successful HRM practitioner because those who feel valued are likely to outperform less enchanted colleagues. In addition, a highly motivated workforce has been shown, by Fernie and Sparks (2014), to maximise the potential for high profit returns within a firm. It is also worth considering that ensuring equality in the firm is an important legal consideration given the right of all people to work in a safe environment that is free from bullying and respects human rights (Tushman and O’Reilly, 2002). For good employee relations the company also encourages its workers to work near their homes, which, as Piercy, Cravens and Lane (2010) observe, is a ‘green’ initiative that helps cut down on fuel costs and also reduces the time that individuals spend travelling to work. The company also gives their employees freedom of transfer, thus encouraging employee retention (Metzger, 2014). In addition, the use of shift work maximises the ability of people to work hours that suit their own timetables; thus, for instance, a student may be able to obtain an evening shift that does not interrupt his or her studies, whereas a mother of young primary school-aged children may be able to work during the day whilst the children are at school. This flexibility of working patterns, which is also important for the exchange of ideas and for the promotion of equality of faith (such as the need for Orthodox Jews not to work on Saturdays) are all factors that help Tesco to build a wide multicultural team of workers that are attune to the attitudes of the individual communities that they serve. Indeed, as a result of the UK being a truly multicultural society, HRM can be seen to play a critical role in working towards the creation of a healthy work environment. Tesco also ensures that every employee knows his or her rights in the organisation, which can also be seen as a way of ensuring that employee unions are supportive of the market aspirations of the company (Rosethorn, 2009). That Tesco also embraces health and safety regulations and training may be seen as a further bonus. In addition, Tesco trains its employees on disaster management, which is not only a positive for staff but also for the shoppers who frequent Tesco (Blythman, 2012). That staff receive such training means that members of the public can shop in safety in the secure knowledge that in the event of a fire outbreak the staff are trained, and responsive. With regard to the use of human resource models, Tesco can be evaluated as using a range of different models to ensure that it meets it core business goals (Fernie and Moore, 2013). This is important to note within the confines of this essay because no two people are identical (in terms of their behaviour and personality traits), thus calling for different HRM approaches to be adopted to ensure that there is, within the workforce, harmony in the company (Merkel, Jackson and Pick, 2010). Tesco has, as Rosethorn (2009) notes, has resolved to use a commitment-based model which does not force employees to meet frameworks. Rather, the achievement of goals is looked at as possible through respect, provided that there is co-ordination and self-control. This model calls for motivation and reinforcement in order to achieve the objectives of Tesco management and, as Tushman and O’Reilly (2002) suggest, employee opinions are taken into consideration and are used even during problem-solving processes. This model puts the employee at the forefront and helps to sustain motivation. Identification of areas that could be improved Tesco knows that it, in order to keep competitive in an increasingly cut-throat market, it has to keep sound strategies and build upon them (Wood and McCarthy, 2014). It is critical therefore, in accordance with the view advanced by Tushman and O’Reilly (2002), that human resource management continues to develop, identify, and strengthen the capacities of its staff. Tesco has a lot of employees who have substantial experience, and it follows that there is a key role for them to play in the training of new employees. In addition the company needs to train employees with expertise and ensure that they are kept up-to-date with regards to their key skill sets. The training concepts mentioned within this assignment work together to ensure that the organisation benefits from the increased competence of its staff. For rewards and wages Tesco is in line with existing laws and regulations and pays salaries according to the minimum wage law (Tesco, 2014). Nevertheless, further benefits could be accrued by making a more explicit linkage between performance and reward, especially with regard to the firm’s overall profits (Metzger, 2014). This would mean that when annual profits increase, there should be an increase in the salaries and rewards enjoyed by employees. Such rewarding of talent will have a positive impact on both workers and the company (Fernie and Sparks, 2014). Conclusion The human resource management department plays an important role in any organisation. Tesco has a well-documented, forward-thinking HRM department which is in tune with its overall business aims. Through the recruitment and retention of first rate staff and ensuring that all employees can perform to the best of their ability, Tesco increases the chances that its staff will be a positive asset (Merkel, Jackson and Pick, 2014). In addition, as Tesco increasingly diversifies its business portfolio, there is a need to ensure that all employees in each country in which it operates learn from best practice elsewhere (Brannen, Moore and Mughan, 2013). 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