The Adventures of Hucklberry Finn Satire

The author, Mark Twain, uses satire against religion, government, peoples ignorance, and society in general. Throughout the novel, we meet people whose live were ruined by alcoholism. Huck’s father is a drunken, abusive father and Twain satirizes the consumption of alcohol and the effects it has on people. Huck quotes, â€Å"Pap he hadn’t been seen for more than a year, and that was comfortable for me; I didn’t want to see him no more.He used to always whale me when he was sober and could get his hands on me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (13) Twain is satirizing drunken adults and what it does to their kids and the people surrounding them. Huck’s father also had opinions of his own. â€Å"Oh yes this is a wonderful govment, wonderful. Why looky here, there was a free nigger there from Ohio†¦ † (35) Mark Twain quotes Pap to satirize both the government and racism. Pap represents the close-minded, southern whites and how they felt about free blacks.He mocks how the government has outlawed slavery in the northern states and how the southern states couldn’t do anything about it. Slavery was another issue that Twain touched on. He enters the bitter realm of social satire and their beliefs on the issue of free slaves, almost to the point where it was unethical. A moment captured in chapter 16 describes when Huck realized how serious the consequence of the situation was. â€Å"Well what's the use of learning to do right when it's troublesome to do right and it ain't no trouble to do wrong, and the wages is just the same? (116) He feels guilty for helping Jim to freedom, but realizes that if he turned Jim in, he would feel just the same. He mocks the society for believing that it was so evil to help slaves to freedom. After the event with the King and the Duke with the Wilks, Huck is glad to see Jim â€Å"Of course when they got to snoring we had a long gabble, and I told Jim everything† (188). Twain shows that Jim should have a better life than to be separated from his wife and children he loves, and to be forced to work for people who humiliate him.Through his use of satire, Twain illustrates the major themes of the novel. People at that time treated servants terribly. Huck himself was racist when Miss Watson asks if anybody got hurt and Huck replies â€Å"No ma'am just a nigger† (34). Finally, the use of racist terminology throughout the book showed how Jim and slaves were treated. The people that they come in contact see nothing more than a servant of Jim. When Tom has a theory as to the meaning of the word ransomed without any doubts, all of the boys agree with this meaning of the word. But per'aps if we keep them till they're ransomed, it means that we keep them till they're dead†. (12) In this segment of the novel, Twain uses satire to demonstrate that even though something may be truly wrong, if civilization or society adopts it to be true, then it is believed. Religion is one of the ke y victims of Twain's satire throughout the novel. This satire is no more apparent then when Huck's guardian, the Widow Douglas, preaches to him about Moses.Huck didn't think very much of her lecture â€Å"Here she was a-bothering about Moses, which was no kin to her, and no use to anybody, being gone, you see†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (3) Twain uses Huck to exhibit his objection to the faith that civilized society places towards religion. During Huck and Jim's journey, they encounter two men who refer to themselves as the Duke and the King. These characters make their living by swindling people out of their money. When they are eventually caught, they pay for their sins by being tarred and feathered.Huck expresses his thoughts on the subject by saying; it was a dreadful thing to see. â€Å"Human beings can be awful cruel to one another†. (294) through this event, Twain shows that crooks and criminals aren't the only ones that can be cruel. The crowd that considers themselves to be civil ized and opposing cruel acts when actually they commit such acts themselves. The chapters on the Royal Nonesuch are the climax of satire in this story. First Twain presents Hamlet's soliloquy, which even in its first lines, â€Å"To be, or not to be; that is the bare bodkin/ that makes calamity of so long life†¦ (pg. 132), clearly shows his readership that though the con-men and townspeople know enough to have heard of Shakespeare and even recognize some lines, , for in reality they are ignorant of high society. Twain uses satire to express ignorance in society when Tom Sawyer says â€Å"Because it ain’t in the books so that’s why† (9). This shows that people believe everything they read in books when books are most of the time opinionated. Twain fills Huckleberry Finn with satire examples throughout the story.

Successful Leadership Leads to a Successful Business

Quality of leadership has become a major focus of almost every business in America today. Extensive research and analysis of this aspect of management has led to many insightful books on effective leadership. One such book is C. A. O†Conner†s Successful Leadership. O†Conner discusses this complicated subject by breaking it up into seven major areas. These areas are developing awareness, understanding people, power and authority, communication, decision making, creating a vision, and taking charge. Through these seven areas, O†Conner gives valuable skills in becoming an effective leader. Before an individual can begin incorporating the seven major areas of leadership he must first learn followership. Through following, he realizes not only the importance of a leader that looks after the needs of his supporters, but also the need for supporters that contribute to the leader†s success. In any group or team where leadership is present, these two aspects are complimentary. Like wise, the skills of leadership and followership are also complimentary. An individual cannot develop his leadership skills without having developed his followership skills first. Followers learn the importance that teamwork, cohesiveness, and subordination have in the accomplishment of goals. Additionally, when an individual does obtain a leadership position, the experience he gains in following provides a basis to make better decisions. The first major area of leadership is developing self-awareness. In developing self-awareness, one must first obtain the assessment of others. A major source of this assessment is feedback. Careful attention to attitudes, comments and performance of subordinates offer great insight into the effectiveness of a leader. Listening to thoughts and opinions of fellow leaders is another major source. Honesty is the key to both sources of information in that the individual must not disregard negative aspects of his own leadership qualities. He must realize his own faults and shortcomings. The second step in self-awareness is to create a features list. A features list is done by the leader himself and is made up of at least five good leadership traits and at least five bad ones. A leader†s inability to come up with five or more traits in either category means a severe lack of self-awareness. The purpose of the features list is to keep the leader aware of his own qualities. As the individual develops as a leader, he should continuously create new features lists to ensure his own self-awareness. Once the individual has accurately assessed his own qualities, it is then time to implement improvements. A plan of action is the basis of this implementation. The plan should include creating a list of goals that enhance good qualities and make changes to bad ones. The leader must then make strides in realizing these goals. Like the features list, the individual†s plan of action should change as he develops as a leader. The next area of leadership is understanding people. It is essential that a leader understand that each of his subordinates is different, with different drives, dreams, and ambitions. To â€Å"classify† subordinates into a particular group is to deprive them of their individuality and ignore their particular needs. Understanding each subordinate†s needs is the key to motivating them. In assessing the needs of subordinates, a leader must be able to recognize what level each individual is on in Maslow†s hierarchy of needs. The hierarchy of needs is divided into five levels: the need for food, clothing, and shelter; personal safety and a source of income; family, friends, and caring relationships; self-confidence, creativity and individual achievement; meaning and purpose. In determining the level at which an individual is on, the leader can then help that individual in ascending to the next. The outcome is improved performance on the part of the worker. While this is not the only form of motivating people, it is the most effective in long term motivation. Put more practically, a leader can motivate an individual†s performance not only by explaining the advantages to the company, but also the advantages to that individual†s job security and advancement. By nature, humans seek to attain a better quality of life. For this reason, another effective form of motivation is rewarding. Individuals pay attention to doing a job well when they have personal interests as a result of the outcome. The job becomes beneficial to their own profits and not just the company†s. Balancing the use of rewards is very important. Too many offers of rewards result in disappointment and lack of motivation when one is not offered. Leaders must realize that rewards are only temporary forms of motivation that are not successful in long term leadership. The difficult task of managing power and authority is the third area of successful leadership. While understanding the authority of his position, a leader must also be open to the thoughts and ideas of his subordinates. Disregard for opinions is a sign of a weak leader who is afraid of being undermined and therefor hides behind his power. Leaders express leadership through three basic leadership styles: democratic, autocratic, and permissive. The democratic style of leadership is based on a mutual respect and treating everyone equal, regardless of seniority or position. The leader still maintains authority, but others are able to be active participants in finding solutions to problems. Autocratic leadership provides a strong, undisputed style of leadership that is effective when dealing with controversial issues. While clearly defining goals and expectations, the autocratic style of leadership often results in a leader overpowering subordinates which leads to dissension. The permissive style of leadership is described as being a weak attempt at democratic leadership. Subordinates whose leaders have adopted this style of leadership end up with poor coordination, direction, and guidance. In delegating particular tasks, effective leaders will follow a basic format of assignment. Rather then just handing a subordinate a task with the words â€Å"do this† attached to it, a good leader will define the task, discussing in detail the aspects of it, show why it is important and clearly state any expectations. In doing this the worker has a personal commitment and clear understanding of the importance of the task. Finally, the leader will evaluate and discuss the results of the task with that worker, providing feedback for that worker to improve himself. One of the most vital areas in successful leadership is communication. The most basic form of communication is listening and speaking. This involves not only the exchange of spoken words, but also close attention to body language and tone. This attention allows good listeners to sort of â€Å"read between the words† and fully understand the speaker†s message. Effective speakers take time to prepare what they intend to say, giving careful thought to what it is they are attempting to convey. There are five main features to effective communication. These features are often referred to as social skills. The first involves having a purpose for communication. This aids in guiding the exchange of information and avoids useless or irrelevant communication. The next feature is a clear and logical exchange with directness and confidence. The third feature is appropriateness. The presentation of the information must match the needs of the situation. In other words, choosing the format of delivery (i. e. mail, telephone, person-to-person interaction, etc. that is appropriate to the nature of the information. The forth feature is control. The leader must be able to exhibit self-discipline and restrain from over communicating. An example of this is allowing subordinates to learn tasks without intervention, creating an effective learning environment for the worker and not a micro-managed one. The last feature of communication is the ability to learn. Even the best communicators have room for improvement. Leaders must never be satisfied in their communication skills and continuously make efforts to improve them. Decision making is the next area of successful leadership. Leaders can be forced to make several decisions at the same time, making them to prioritize these decisions based on two criteria: future importance and current urgency. Future importance refers to the long term decisions that may seem insignificant presently, but will greatly impact the company in the long run. Making future importance decisions usually requires a great deal of analysis and planning. Current urgency decisions may seem extremely important at the time, but in actuality are not terribly relevant to the success of the company. In either case, future importance or current urgent, an effective leader makes these decisions with confidence and concern for his subordinates. The complications of decision making can often be made easier through good goal setting. In setting a challenging yet attainable goal, the leader gives solid direction to his department and sets clear objectives. From there, many decisions can be based on whether or not the consequences will help in realizing these goals. These goals offer basic guidance, eliminating irrelevant options. Even with the establishment of goals to guide in decision making, tackling a major decision can be very difficult. It is best for the leader to approach these decisions methodically, using a systematic approach of dealing with it. First the leader must establish what the primary and secondary requirements of the decision are and prioritize them. From there, he begins to consider every possible solution and tries to find new ones. Finally, through assessment of the first two steps, the leader chooses the best alternative based what he has come up with. This process can be used by the individual leader or be opened up for use of the entire workgroup in a more democratic leadership environment. The next area in successful leadership is creating a vision. A vision is an ultimate goal, usually rather universal, that gives overall direction to the company and its employees. The result is unified action that steers generally in the same direction. It is the difficult task of a leader to create and maintain this vision as a guiding light in day to day decisions. He must be aware of the sometimes ever changing â€Å"big picture† as seen by the interests of the company and ensure that the vision is in line with that picture. The final area in successful leadership is taking charge. This involves utilizing all of the first six steps and fully applying them to personal leadership development. It also emphasizes the importance of taking charge of leadership qualities that are already there and maximizing their potential. The leader must draw on experience to guide in decisions on how to lead. People are not born leaders. They become leaders through implementing these seven areas into their lives. A good leader must be able to fail and bounce back, learn from experience, and admit their own limitations. This along with a desire to learn and a drive to complete goals create the leader.

Comparing and contrasting the presentation Essay

  Comparing and contrasting power in Hawk Roosting and Human Interest The effects of power seem to be largely psychological in both poems. In Human interest the damage coursed by love and jealousy drives the man to kill his lover , to show power not only to himself but to his girlfriend. Later on in the poem we see the man in his prison cell questioning his motive behind his sudden outburst of rage; whereas in Hawk Roosting the hawk believes there’s no need for other predator’s existence as nature is ‘all’ his and ‘no arguments can assert’ his right to his power to kill. In Hawk Roosting the hawk has no restrictions in life and does as he pleases as he see’s himself as an all mighty being. But in Human Interest the man has a spur of the moment action that has a long-lasting effect, both on the dead girlfriend and on him in terms of a prison sentence. The effect of power on the hawk causes him to become arrogant and this making the pointlessness in other animals while the effect of power on man drives them insane and blind to those around us. The hawk wishes to ‘keep things like this’ and although we know this is about the hawk wanting to keep himself above all the rest he will eventually crumble and fall just as nature intended. The hawk abuses his power by killing those smaller then him to increase his status in the food chain. The effects of power leave contrasting images of a grief-stricken man left in a secluded room and the arrogance of roaming free, though both eventually are seen as murderers in life and will be nothing more.

Imran Khan-Leadership Analysis

Imran Khan as a Political Leader The journey of our leader has never stopped and after successful completion of two goals, he involved in Politics and founded â€Å"Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf† in 1996. Though his party could not secure even a single seat in the first election (1997) since their inception, however he later managed to win the election (2002) and got membership in National Assembly of Pakistan.He was not a popular choice in this field until 2009, but his consistent attitude towards achievement of a set goal has now brought him to the position where he is the most preferred individual leader and his party now enjoys the top position in Pakistan with 31% support of the people as revealed in latest surveys by IRI. Since Imran Khan has stepped into this field after emergence of new paradigm, therefore his leadership journey has been evaluated on the same. Change and Crisis ManagementThe political history of Pakistan has not a good repute amongst democratic thinkers.Mil itary and politics have so far been playing musical chair with the power position in the country. The latest Military rule ended just 4 years ago when the fifth military dictator General Pervez Musharraf was forced to step down after 9 years of stay in power. Dictatorship is no more fruitful in any country in today’s world and Pakistan is no exception to it. The country has undoubtedly suffered a lot in terms of isolation in the world during military era. Imran Khan has been long demanding the limited interference of military in the politics.The forced removal of the Chief Justice of Pakistan from his post by General Musharraf created a political turmoil in the country. Imran Khan was the first one who stood up and raised the voice for the protection of the judiciary in the country and mobilized the local masses which forced the dictator to change his decision and eventually he had to move out of the office as well. So far, he has been to pass this one factor of the new leade rship paradigm, however he will be further tested when he reaches the top position in near future.Diversity and CollaborationPakistan is located in a region which is focus of the world at the moment. All major powers and players have their vested interests on stake in this region. The situation in Afghanistan, worlds’ perception about Iran, conflicting interests of China, USA and India basically aim to gain control over this area. This demands a highly diverse and collaborating nature leadership in the country. The political views and philosophy of Imran Khan aligns with these requirements.His stance about negotiations with India to resolve all disputes, a respectful departure of the foreign troops from Afghanistan and close partnership with China addresses the most of the problems of the country. Higher Purpose and Humility Justice, accountability of corrupt leaders and poverty elevation have been the principle stance of Imran Khan since the day he landed in the politics. Pa kistan is one of the most resourceful country in the world. Pakistan has world’s second largest coal reservoir which can produce oil more than the entire gulf region for next 50 years.The world’s seventh largest copper and gold reservoir and the future Dubai (Gawadar port) also exist in Pakistan. Even then, the country suffers from the poverty and this is due to only one reason that ‘there has never been an honest leadership after the death of her founder’. The best unfortunate example is that even the sitting President and Prime Minister, both have been convicted of civil and criminal crimes in the past. Imran Khan is considered to be the most honest political leader in the country at the moment.Furthermore, his aim to ensure justice and accountability has risen him to this level where he is now been deliberated as a future Prime Minister of the country. References Shaikh, S, Kakepoto, H, & Memon, A 2010, ‘ROLE OF SPORTS IN LEADERSHIP: A SOCIO POLIT ICAL ANALYSIS', Shield: Research Journal Of Physical Education & Sports Science, 5, pp. 108-119, SPORTDiscus with Full Text, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 May 2012. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. ‘PTI Leads Amongst Political Parties’ viewed on 08 May 2012, at , http://www. thenewstribe. com/2012/05/05/pti-leads-among-pakistan-political-parties-iri-poll/#. T6uc_cVj6a0

Ministry of Fear- Seamus Heaney Analysis Essay

Using Ministry of fear and another appropriately selected poem explore the sense of place Heaney conveys with reference to the troubles in N.I, with particular reference to the effects of any political and social context and Heaney’s own views. Ministry of Fear is from Heaney’s ‘North’ collection, written in 1975 while Heaney was staying in Wicklow, Casualty was written shortly after in ‘Field work’ in 1979. Through these two poems Heaney conveys a strong sense of place, namely Northern Ireland, through ‘Ministry of fear’ Heaney describes four events throughout his life in N.I that had a strong influence on him, ‘Casualty’ is similar but more focused on the Troubles in N.I and some of Heaney’s feelings towards those events. ‘Ministry of fear’ touches on four key moments in Heaney’s life, the first of which is his boarding at St Columbs, then a catholic boarding school in Derry. An experience he found to be very unfair and almost treacherous. â€Å"Sweeten my exile† Heaney describing it himself as exile, clearly he thought he was pressured into going perhaps when he didn’t want to. Secondly he describes his first flirtation with poetry and higher education at Queens University. This section is written in a very self deprecating tone and almost a hint of jealousy, He describes his Friend, Seamus Deane’s skill with the pen â€Å"vowels and ideas bandied free† and then mocks his own attempts, â€Å"hobnailed boots†¦ Fine lawns of elocution† These statements are slightly bathetic and quite ironic, Heaney writing what was to be a highly acclaimed poem about his own poetic inabilities. He goes on to describe his first sexual encounters when he â€Å"came to life† in â€Å"the kissing seat of an Austin 16† this whole phrase resonates innocence and although this particular experience is important in any young mans life I think it is a deliberate ploy to stress the innocence he felt he had before the fourth memory. Which is Heaney’s experience with a crass RUC patrol, which seems to represent a bovine threat â€Å"crowding round†¦like black cattle.† Each of these memories helps convey a real sense of place, making it easy for us to identify with Northern Ireland in each instance, through Heaney’s vivid recollections. ‘Casualty’ explores one main theme; the affinities between himself as a poet and a fisherman killed â€Å"accidentally† for defying a curfew imposed by the IRA in Derry after Bloody Sunday. Heaney through this poem tells the story of Louis O’Neill, a provincial man who drank at his father in laws bar. Much like Ministry of fear he is looking back on the events, with a different perspective, almost analytically. It begins with a celebration of the man, Heaney affords him much respect and clearly remembers him fondly in the opening stanza, he goes on to express the difficulties Poetry made for him, and how he felt it isolated him from ordinary people especially in Northern Ireland. Similarly to Ministry of fear, when Heaney talks of his own poetic prowess he is self deprecating, ironic and bathetic again. The man, whom he would not talk to poetry about, became a muse or inspiration for one of his own poems. He goes on to recall Louis O’Neill’s d eath and the political situation in Northern Ireland. â€Å"PARAS 13 BOGSIDE NIL† this phrase alone places us perfectly in the context of the troubles. Aside from the similar contexts of both poems Heaney conveys the sense of place in other ways, In Casualty Heaney takes influence from Writers of his own Country, The fisherman theme is carried throughout the poem, initially just as Louis O’Neills vocation but particularly later in the poem as a way of life, the poem and this particular theme has an affinity in form and content with Yeats’s ‘the fisherman’ Both are written in trimesters, employ iambic rhythms and rhyme on alternate lines. For each poet the fisherman is â€Å" the most unlike, a kind of anti self, who embodies independence, wisdom, integrity – a refusal to submit to the will of the crowd.† By hinting at Yeats- an Irish poet- Heaney further emphasises the sense of place conveyed in this poem, this time through a more social context as opposed to a political one. He also references a famous Christmas carol â€Å"while shepherds watched their flocks† which because of the very religious nature of the Irish Catholics and indeed the protestants is as much an indication of Northern Ireland then as it is now. In ‘Ministry of fear’ Heaney alludes to many other poems and poets, the most obvious of which was Patrick Kavanagh, An Irish Poet who’s work Heaney discovered in the early 1960’s and for which he developed an increasing  respect throughout the decade, Kavanagh seemed to Heaney to illustrate the split he himself was experiencing between â€Å"the illiterate self that was tied to the little hills and earthed in the stony grey soil, and the literate self that pined for the city of kings, where art, music and letters were the real things† He also alludes to Yeats as in â€Å"Casualty.† Yeats’s ‘ Ancestral Houses’ which speaks of a ‘rich mans flowering lawns’ and of his ‘planted hills’ much in the same way as Haney describes the â€Å"fine lawns of elocution. By referencing all these other poets, especially the two Irish ones Heaney makes sure we are concentrating on N.I.

Financial planning and wealth management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial planning and wealth management - Essay Example The World Wealth Report 2013 has been prepared by Capgemini and Royal Bank of Canada jointly. This report shows that 2012 was started with a sluggish beginning with low levels of GDP of most of the economies around the world. However, with efforts from the national governments, economic activities in the world have increased considerably (The wealth report, 2012). Eventually, HNWIs (individuals possessing US$1 million or more investable assets) have ultimately benefitted, as the international market has strongly turned around towards the end of 2012. The report presents the analysis of data collected through survey of more than 4,400 HNWIs belonging to twenty one countries. This makes the study one of the most data rich and highly relevant studies for present economic times. Background The report sheds light on three distinct peripheries; levels of confidence held by HNWIs in the international market, their long term investment objectives, their investment pattern and plans and most importantly, the types of relationships maintained by them with advisors and wealth management firms. The investment pattern of these individuals determines the flow of investment around the world and affects the services offered by the advisors. The type of service demanded by the firms, casts significant influence on the actual investments that would be made throughout the year (Kennedy, 2011). Secondly, the nuances involved in wealth advisor-HNWI relationships have been studied in detail. Emerging opportunities for investment of wealth have been identified and recommendations have been made for improving the relationships between wealth managing firms and all segments of HNWIs. The impact of changes in the national regulations as well as the regulations of the international bodies, such as the Euro zone, during and after the financial crisis, is expected to cast major impacts on the investment climate around the globe. Impact of such changes on individuals and firms has been expl ored to assess the effect it casts on world wealth. Growth of HNWI Market Analysis of HNWI population and investible wealth shows that the HNWI Market has taken a grand leap forward since 2012. Total HNWI population in the world has increased by 9.2% in between 2011 and 2012 and reached the figure of 12 million. Financial market performance also shows impressive improvements, which has been the cause of substantial growth HNWI wealth. Although, there was a fall in aggregate investable wealth in 2011, it again increased by 10.0% and reached a record level of US $46.2 trillion. Market observers have forecasted that the HNWI wealth is expected to grow at the rate of 6.5% annually in the coming two years consecutively. It would touch the US $55.8 trillion orbit by 2015 (Capgemini, 2013). This growth would mainly be driven by expansion of HNWI wealth in the countries in Asia-Pacific region (Durgy, 2013). It is evident from the data that the developing countries are showing greater growth rates than the developed countries. Although, developing economies have been hit hard by the breakdown of the global financial system, these countries offer greater opportunities for growth. Population growth rates in these countries are high and economic activities are increasing at an increasing rate. Therefore, the process of capital accumulation occurs more spontaneously in these economies than the develo

Los Recuerdos del Provenir de Elena Garro. (En Espanol) Essay

Los Recuerdos del Provenir de Elena Garro. (En Espanol) - Essay Example Igualmente se sabe que la iglesia tomo la decision de oponer resistencia a las medidas impuestas por el gobierno. Sin embargo, las hostilidades por parte del sector oficial no solo tuvieron un efecto considerable en la vida de las personas dedicadas a la iglesia, sino que causo que el pueblo se sintiera ofendido y amenazado. Estos sentimientos los llevo a defender a una institucion que jugaba un rol de cierta importancia en el pais. El origen de la guerra cristera se debio a un numero de medidas tomadas por los gobernantes de Mexico durante el periodo que siguio a la Revolucion mexicana, cuando el general Plutarco Elias Calles habia tomado el poder. Entre las medidas promulgadas se encontraba la separacion entre la Iglesia catolica y el Estado. Adicionalmente, a esta institucion religiosa se le impidio desempenar ciertos roles dentro de la comunidad y se suprimieron un gran numero de sus derechos. En el libro Los recuerdos del porvenir la comunidad de Ixtepec se entera de las medidas tomadas por el estado una manana ? el grito de los voceadores de los diarios anunciaba la suspension de los cultos religiosos atraveso las calles del pueblo, se introdujo en los comercios, penetro en las casas y puso en movimiento a los habitantes ? (Garro 157). La suspension de las ceremonias religiosas es una de las tantas medidas amparadas por dos nuevas constituciones. La primera constitucion, por ejemplo, le prohibio a la iglesia poseer propiedades inmobiliarias y la segunda le permitio al estado decidir el la cantidad de iglesias y sacerdotes en cada region. Los sacerdotes no podian realizar su labor: ? el pueblo se encuentra cortado de los sacramentos, no se puede bautizar a un nino, no se puede contraer matrimonio, confesar, comulgar. Se tiene que morir como perro callejero, sin queja, tras una vida miserable ? (Meyer, XII). En la historia, el gobierno envia a soldados a que cierren por la fuerza todas las iglesias e impedirles la entrada a los habitantes del pueblo. En la historia, se puede apreciar que los militares estan dispuestos a prohibir la entrada a la iglesia por medio de la violencia, como si los ciudadanos fueran el enemigo: ? bajo los almendros quedaron mujeres con las cabezas rotas a culatazos y hombres con las caras destrozadas a puntapies ? (Garro 162). Estas acciones son un ejemplo de intimidacion desmedida que afecta a todos los ciudadanos que osen dar su apoyo a la iglesia y constituye uno de los elementos detonantes del movimiento cristero. No contentos con el uso de la violencia contra el pueblo indefenso, los militares hacen del conocimiento publico que por ley ellos tienen el deber de apresar a los miembros del clero y, hasta se podria decir, que la vida de los padres y curas corria peligro. En la novela, uno de los personajes expresa que el padre Beltran habia desaparecido ? la gente decia que habia decidido darse a la fuga aunque se ignoraba la direccion en la que se habia dirigido. Otros personajes decian que el padre estaba detenido en Ixtepec y que los militares pensaban matar lo cualquier noche ? (Garro 164). Es obvio que las acciones del gobierno habian un estado de incertidumbre, angustia y, mas tarde, ultraje entre los ciudadanos. Saber que un personaje tan cercano a la comunidad se habia esfumado no era un buen presagio. Se elaboran muchas conjeturas pero mas adelante uno de los person

An investigation into perceptions of employee benefits in UK Literature review

An investigation into perceptions of employee benefits in UK - Literature review Example Employee benefits can be short term, long term and termination benefits. Short term benefits generally include monetary and non-monetary benefits for a short period. Long term benefits include pensions and other retirement plans. A possible narrowest definition will include employer-provided benefits for accident, death, retirement, sickness or unemployment (Weathingtin and Tetrik, 2009). However, in order to better understand the employee benefits, it is important to cover all forms of employee benefits and compensation schemes used across the globe. The most frequently used employee benefit forms are as follows: 2. Payments for retirement plans and private insurance: These include costs of starting such plans and contributions in forms of payments or insurance premiums through alternative arrangements for funding (The British Psychological society, 2014). The government has set policies for providing benefits under various plans in case of personal loss. The personal loss covers the following aspects: 4. Extra payments to employees through cash. Other than bonuses and wages, cash payments are also provided to employees on the basis of performance. This category of benefits includes the following factors: Employee benefits and compensation packages have become a very common as well as necessary phenomenon for employees and workers in the 21st century. As a result of globalizations and increasing opportunities in work and career, workers and employees have started realizing their worth and have started demanding more from their employers (Dulebohn, et al., 2009). As a result companies have not integrated benefits and compensation system into their core management. As the economic environment is becoming more service oriented and work forces are becoming white collars, these employee benefits are naturally expected. The necessity of employee benefits is more for employers than for employees. In the current

Russian scientists' contribution in the world science Essay

Russian scientists' contribution in the world science - Essay Example Economist and Noble prize winner Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich, founder of linear programming. Nikolai Basov, who invented laser. Now, in this assignment let us discuss in detail the hurdles faced by them through the process of innovations and life history. Dmitri Mendedleev: One of the great scientists of Russia is the Dmitri Mendelev, survived from 1834 to 1907 and has contributed the precious Periodic Table of Elements. The story began when the atomic weights of elements were derived wrongly. As a result incorrect compounds were found to be formed. So there resulted a serious confusion in determining the characteristics of elements and their atomic weights (Allaby & Gjertsen, 2002). It was stated that Mendeleev derived the Periodic table in his dreams. Mendeleev had the vision of the Periodic table in his mind but unable to put them in to table. He worked continuously for three days to create the table. Ultimately he slept in his table and had a dream of the arranging the 63 ele ments in the Periodic Table of Elements. Then he wake up from the dream and derived the table that he dreamt. It was perfectly correct with only few corrections made in it. It took nearly 20 years to construct this precious table and his contribution helped greatly to learn the characteristics and property of the elements. Later he discovered Gallium, Scandium and Germanium. He worked as a professor at the St. University of Petersburg from 1868 to 1890. His other studies and contributions are Nature of solutions Expansion of liquids 40Â ° vodka formula 30 components formula derived in 5 rows. This was so simple and precise that his findings exceeded all the works of his predecessors. The derivation of 40Â ° vodka formula was really an interesting story. It was the time world over running researches on weight analysis on alcoholic solutions. Mendeleev received the accurate results by missing the alcohol with water based on weights while the whole other world used to mix by volumes. Then he formulated as the precise content of spirit in vodka to be 40Â °. Upon reciprocal dilution the largest compression a mixture can be made. That is 45.88% of anhydrous spirit can be mixed with 54.12% of water. To explain this exactly 1 liter of 40Â ° vodka weights 951 grams exactly (Allaby & Gjertsen, 2002). Sergei Vasilyevich Lebedev: Lebedev was born in 1834 in Lubin. He completed his graduation at St. Petersburg University. After his graduation he moved from university to university in charge of the work and finally settled down at the Petersburg Margarine Factory (Encyclopedia Britannica Inc, 2002). His main works are devoted to the invention of the polymerization of the hydrocarbons of ‘diene’ type. He was the first to produce the polybutadiene synthetic rubber. This synthetic rubber replaced the natural rubber and was produced during World War I as there was a shortage of natural rubber. His wrote a book named as ‘Research in polymerization of by-et hylene hydrocarbons’ in 1913, which became the basics guide for studies on synthetic rubber. He also introduced the modern methods which lead to the manufacture of the butyl synthetic rubber and poly iso-butylene with the help of his studies on polymerization of ethylene monomers. The access of reliable sources to natural rubber was difficult to Russians. Hence the mass production of the synthetic rubber was essential and this was launched in 1932. In 1940, they produced more than 50,000 tons per year. Later the process of obtaining butadiene rubber from ethyl

Transnational Crimes Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Transnational Crimes - Term Paper Example According to him, â€Å"some crimes arise out of particular cultural or societal conditions and experiences that differ from one country to another† (p.4) and so one behavior that one country may accept may not be acceptable by another country. Types of Transnational Crimes Affecting U.S. Following is a detailed description of some transnational crimes that are affecting the U.S. one way or the other. Cybercrime Cybercrime involves electronic communication to commit crime like false business activities, identity stealth, pornography, hidden identities, and fraudulent e-commerce, all of which are activities that do not need to be confined within the country’s borders. These transnational crimes are increasing the crime rate related to internet in the United States and people of all ages including children and elders, and all sectors including politics, education, healthcare, and commerce are being affected by these activities. One often has to reveal bits of his personal information while doing online transactions, such as, his name, address, telephone number, bank information, credit card information, and etcetera. When a cyber criminal steals someone’s this information, then he can misuse or disclose it to criminal groups thus ending up either blackmailing the person/company or bringing him bad name. Human and Drug Trafficking United Nations is facing one of the greatest challenges of its time- dealing with human traffickers who target a great number of men, women and children every year exploiting them for reasons like prostitution, forced labor, slavery, or organ removal. Human and drug trafficking are considered as â€Å"two major area of transnational organized crime† (Agenzia Fides, 2010). Both types of supplies exploit people and create devastating effects on them and their families. How drugs and alcohol is being used in human trafficking is an interesting issue. Women and children are forced to pursue pornography and for thi s purpose they are forced to take drugs and alcohol so that they become senseless and do not get an idea what is happening to them, thus combining both trades- human and drugs- in one business. Davenport (2010) reports Arizona Governor, Jan Brewer, who asserted the fact that â€Å"the motivation of a lot of the illegal immigrants is to enter the United States to look for work, but that drug rings press them into duty as drug mules.† She further states that most of the illegal immigrant or trafficked persons that are brought into Arizona are being supervised by big drug cartels and smuggling companies, making the victims bring in the drugs and alcohol with them, knowingly or unknowingly. Terrorism Terrorism is another transnational crime which the U.S. is facing. Terrorists get their training from different countries of the world and enter the U.S. or other countries to spread terrorism and deteriorate peace of the society. The most common example would be the 9/11 attacks on the Twin Towers and the Pentagon in the U.S. which badly affected U.S. economical infrastructure and took lives of many innocent people. It was obvious that the hijackers or the planes were well trained and had special training of carrying ammunition and flying the planes. This and many other such criminal activities involve many

Individual Project 5 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Individual Project 5 - Research Paper Example The strategies for high-performance contracts include separating people from the problem, emphasizing on shared interests, as well as providing more options. Negotiation is a process via which two persons or institutions attempt to attain an agreement with respect to issues that are associated with different objectives, interest and values (Lock, 2013). The attainment of a common ground is associated with the same beliefs, objectives and values. The shared common goal normally persuades the two individuals or groups to attain the shared goals. The ability of the parties to a negotiation to make a decision normally differentiates a negotiation process from arbitration which demands an arbitrator. In most circumstances, businesses attempt to experience a win-win situation with a contractor while negotiating on various contracts; this ensures a long term relationship between the parties to a given contract. Mutual trust between the contracting the parties is normally associated with the past relationship with respect to business aspects or in the negotiation process. In the event that a mutual trust does exist between the contracting parties, Zou (2011) provides that there is a need to build the trust. Trust normally exists in the event that the other party is likely to offer the promises that are pledged; additionally, the negotiator should be viewed as individual who is not likely to lead to surprises. Surprises that are likely to occur may include certain demands that were not mentioned in the original agreement; they also include threats or change of a party position as far as the original position is concerned. The establishment of a mutual trust is likely to see both parties reach an agreement that is associated with a win-win situation among the parties given that one party is careful not to hurt the other party. The parties can create a positive relationship by paying attention to common goals and values;

CS346-1501A-01 User Interface Design Phase 2 Individual Project Coursework

CS346-1501A-01 User Interface Design Phase 2 Individual Project - Coursework Example All these attraction sites are located miles away from each other, hence the need for a tour agent to help travelers move around the city with ease. Given that the tourists are usually new to this environment, there is a need to develop a tour guide agent to help them move around the city with ease. The many categories of areas that each person visiting this attraction site need to access are also distance away and in various locations. Some of the area that the user should consider visiting area: Entertainment area, tourist attraction sites, sand beach zones, hotels and direction, boarding rooms and direction, refiling station locations (Todd Simcock). A tourist mostly will be new to his or her environment. In such cases it is possible to get confused and visit sites that he/she never intended to visit. To avoid this, this application provides functionality that assists users make decisions before visiting some of these tourist zones. To achieve this, the application will be required to provide the different capabilities of a tourist guide. The user interface of this application in multimedia in nature. Users will have to interact with graphics, text, voice, and touch screen. This environment can be availed through computer screen not less than 480x600. The screen is optimized to accept these form of inputs. The kiosk should also provide keyboard, microphone and text display capabilities. This will help users maximize their interaction with the system. The system shall provide good graphics within the user interface that can be used by any person in his/her daily work. Maps and guided displayed will be of high quality, making sure correct delivery of services to the clients. The application is to be used both for kiosk units and mobile devices. The application shall be able to support screen not devices with small to high resolution (780x1024). The screen

History of Jazz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

History of Jazz - Essay Example development into the modern jazz movement cannot be described in a linear historical model with a series of clearly separate stages because, since its inception in the 1940s, it quickly fragmented into cool and hard bop in the 1950s to the 1960s. Bebop exhibits the dynamic organic nature of jazz as it changes across three decades. It evolves from early jazz and revolts against swing, as it continues the development of modern jazz into cool and hard bop, an evolution that manifests African American innovation that reacted to American society’s oppressive socioeconomic and cultural conditions. Bebop rebels against big bands which are already declining during the 1940s as a form of struggle against racism. Several historians argue that bebop is a reaction to racism and swing’s populist ideals. Eric Porter asserts that Bebop musicians â€Å"refused† to become the entertainers of â€Å"Uncle Tom,† and wanted â€Å"to escape the stereotypes and audience expectations of the past,† while preserving an â€Å"aversion to musical boundaries.†3 Bebop is rooted in African American experiences that characterize it as an oppositional reaction against big bands, the large dance swing bands.4 Bebop music is about experimentation and technical expertise that resisted the controls of socioeconomic forces. In essence, bebop musicians did not play music primarily for making money, but for their autonomy.5 As a result, when it first came out, those who regarded themselves as â€Å"cultural gatekeepers† of white bourgeois cultural values and standards â€Å"descended† on bebop with â€Å"fanatical fury.†6 They did not like the originality and independence of bebop that reflected aggression and defiance of rigid social hierarchy through traditional musical norms. Scholars understand this negative perception of bebop from the threatened gatekeepers because changing music means changing culture and that these changes ultimately threaten the status quo of society.7 Besides rejecting

America became a culturally distinct place from England during the Essay

America became a culturally distinct place from England during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Using information about decorative arts, architecture, - Essay Example One of the cultural differences that emerged between England and America was in speech. Americans no longer carry even a hint of a British accent. The Americans created a new unique form of English. Several reasons can explain this phenomenon. First and foremost Americans wanted to show their lack of class. Classes such as nobility, middle, and lower classes had their own accents in England. America wanted everyone to be equal. Thus by speaking slurred English, Americans showed their solidarity with one another (Larkin, 1989: 154). The melting pot of cultures that came to America also contributed to the unique English. Germans, Italians, Irish, African, and many other cultures collided with their accents making the American accent. Americans did not want to create an English Colony, they wanted to create a new country with a new language. American English is also written differently than British English. For example, Americans write center, whereas the British write centre. The British do not write words ending in er, but use re. The lack of reading material in the beginning of the Colonies might have contributed to the misspelling of words, which in turn created this whole new distinctive English (Larkin, 1989: 36). Words for common things also became different. In England, a queue is a line in America. This could be created to the illiterate, which spelled the words wrong, with a new generation adopting them, or a deliberate attempt to leave their English roots behind. The Americans created a new version of English that is still around today. Art in America reflected the culture that the artist came from. Pictures of farmers, landscapes, and hardships started appearing in the seventeenth and eighteenth century (Larkin, 1989: 176). These paintings were exclusively American, since they depicted American life. American Gothic, Old Virginia Home, and The Declaration of

Economy of Finland Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9000 words

Economy of Finland - Coursework Example This led to movements for independence and self assertion on the part of Finland as early as the First World War. In this regard, the relationship between the Soviet and Finland remained inconsistent, until Finland declared itself independent in 1912, following an upheaval by the Bolsheviks. This was a period when the Finnish German ties were looking up. Following Soviet aggression as well as expeditions in Finland in order to capture it, the Soviet began diplomatic negotiations with Finland in April, 1938. This was done basically to avert the possibility of a Finnish attack on Leningrad with the help of British or German backing. It was in this period that Soviet German ties were forged with the help of a non aggression pact in 1939. A similar non aggression pact had been signed between Finland and the Soviet in 1934, which was to be re affirmed after a decade. Yet, the hostilities began soon after with Ariel attacks, military expeditions as well as naval attacks between the two countries. While the fall of Soviet Communism was hailed by many as the beginning of good times, there are parallel theories that point towards the failure of democracy to take off completely. What must be considered here, is the emergence of the following in Finland after the fall of Communism: While not A Westward looking trend Conception of and Alliance with the European Union and NATO Parliamentary Democracy with the help of a constitution Stable market forces Globalization Privatisation of Banks Green Politics Emergence of global industrial players to make use of Social and Industrial Capital. This paper will discuss all these points in order to understand how Finland has grown and can continue to grow at an even higher growth rate in all areas - social, political and economic. Chapter 3 Change in Finnish Strategy Globalization While not so different from traditional villages in its desire to engage in a free exchange of ideas, the global village is one that thrives on the communication and transportation infrastructure that seems to be binding the world into one 'large, happy family'. This has been the foremost policy of Finland after Communism. What had started out as a speculation on the part of Marshall McLuhan in the 1960s, regarding the fact that the world was being transformed into a "global village" in the face of TV and new telecommunication technologies, has become a debate of much greater dimensions. His prediction has gone past mere "telecommunication technologies", to an arena where a new wave of digital technologies personified by the Internet and its offshoots, are proving to be as much a force for diversity as they are for similitude. While the spread of TV, radio and the telephone helped transform the third world countries to a great extent; a trend furthered by the advent of cell phones - the impact of the Internet has been

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 111

Assignment Example c) Inflation changes dramatically in the price level. When inflation rises to 4%, buyers will increase the present consumption expenditure and demand price levels raises and money loses its real purchasing power. a) Physical capital refers to the objects used by firms to produce its goods and services. They include machinery, buildings, and equipment. Financial capital refers to resources that are used to purchase those physical objects. The resources come from savings. b) Net investment refers to the amount of actual addition made to the capital stock of economy in a given time, while gross investment refers to the total amount of addition made to capital stock that represent the economy within a given period. c) Types of markets for financial capital include money market, capital market and third and fourth markets, which include foreign exchange, commodity and derivatives market. Their availability and development will depend on the policy a country sets to safeguard the money matters. d) There is a wide swing in prices of goods and services when the interest rates are low. Variation in asset prices changes with interest rates. The business executive knows how to best design ways into meeting the available demands and constant supply of products and services. The increase and decrease in prices of goods depend on profit margins. e) Firms have a number of factors to consider when making an investment decision. They consider the scale of investment, expected returns and the long and short-term effects on investment. The consumer preferences that demand more from the manufacturers usually create an awareness campaign to enhance profitability. f) The determinants of demand for loanable funds are an investment. It changes with interest rates. Those who require putting their money and time into investment in many occasions use loan facilities from banks. g) Household make saving decision by reducing spending and increasing

Strategic Plan for Eco-travel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Strategic Plan for Eco-travel - Essay Example This "Strategic plan for Eco-travel" essay outlines the necessity of strategic plan to make every business successful. The author analyzes a new business concept such as Eco-travel and a strategic plan for it. Eco-travel is a small scale business operating in the tourism sector and it is concerned with the provision of hospitality services to customers who mainly visit local community tourist attractions which are often overlooked by other big, established players in the same industry. This is a new business concept in the tourism sector which is dominated by established corporations. The customers mainly comprise of people from local communities as well as others from the neighbouring communities. Regional as well as visitors from different parts of the country are not excluded. The idea of this service was conceived after realising that established tourist operators often shunned local community resort centres as these were often regarded as small. Competitive prices will be offere d in order to stimulate business in this new tourism sector. â€Å"To provide a platform where all our customers can gain knowledge about their local heritage through promoting community tourism in a bid to bridge the knowledge gap existing among targeted clients.† Knowledge management is a key to the success of the company given that it is primarily concerned with educating people so that they become aware of the essence of protecting the environment in order to preserve their local natural heritage. In this case, the mission of the organisation demands that the knowledge base as well as capacity building among the targeted consumers have to be increased in order for the business to achieve its set goals. Measures have to be put in place to enable free acquisition, sharing and processing of information that can be in turn converted into valuable knowledge to the organisation. 1.2 Vision for Eco-travel â€Å"We are committed to become a leading community tour operator through responding to customer needs and changes that may take place in the market at competitive rates that are unmatched.† The organisation’s overall vision is mainly concerned with becoming a leader in the local community tourism sector in the future through harnessing on the strategy of knowledge creation management among the stakeholders involved. In order to achieve this feat, the company will primarily focus on quickly responding to the needs of the customers as well as constantly scanning the bu siness environment for any changes that may affect its operations. The

Inclusive Education in Mainstream Politics Term Paper

Inclusive Education in Mainstream Politics - Term Paper Example The definite advancement of the movement on inclusive education is evidenced through declarations, gatherings, statements and various actions taken by governments across the world in the last century. The issue of inclusive education is characterized by deep-rooted conflicts, dilemmas, and contradictions. "Inclusive education should be seen as an attempted resolution of a dilemma that is fundamental to mass education systems: the dilemma of commonality and difference. Put simply, such systems have to offer something recognizably common - an 'education' - to learners who are recognizably similar, while at the same time acknowledging that those same learners differ from each other in important ways and therefore have to be offered different 'educations' (Dyson & Millward, 2000). It is now universally accepted by think groups and policymakers that children with a disability or learning difficulty will ultimately be a part of the mainstream, hence their participation in the mainstream is earlier the better and an early start in mainstream schools is the best preparation for an integrated life. Some of the major milestones in opinion building on bringing inclusive education in the mainstream of policymaking activities include The Universal Declaration of Human Rights ( UDHR, 1948 ), International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination ( ICEARD, 1965), International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ( ICCPR, 1966), International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ( ICESC, 1966), Convention on the Rights of the Child ( CRC, 1989) and Salamanca Declaration, 1994. The Salamanca Declaration under the overall framework of UNESCO has been particularly noteworthy and it is worthwhile looking at some the key declarations which are given below: Every child has a fundamental right to education and must be given the opportunity to achieve and maintain an acceptable level of learning. Every child has unique characteristics, interes ts, abilities and learning needs, education systems should be designed and educational programs implemented to take into account the wide diversity of these characteristics and needs,   Those with special education needs must have access to regular schools, which should accommodate them within a child-centered pedagogy capable of meeting these needs, Regular schools with this inclusive orientation are the most effective means of combating discriminatory attitudes, creating welcoming communities, building an inclusive society, and achieving education for all; moreover, they provide an effective education to the majority of children and improve the efficiency and ultimately the cost-effectiveness of the entire education system" The successive British establishments were seized with issues associated with the shift in economy from traditional to knowledge work, especially the Labour party when it regained power towards the end of the previous century. Peter Drucker said in 1980 that the center of gravity has sharply shifted from manual work to knowledge work in the world of work. The British leadership could see the need for a different focus in educational policy and its deployment.

Reflection on Teaching Essay Example for Free

Reflection on Teaching Essay In order to challenge my theory of teaching I first need very briefly to define it. When I was taught science it was mostly through direct teaching. Any experiments performed were deductive in nature with very little input from me. When I got to college and I started performing experiments then I suddenly started having little epiphanies where facts I had learned off by heart were unexpectedly connected in ways I hadn’t understood before. So I came to think that this was what was lacking at secondary level, the experimental experience that allowed people to physically test the ‘how’ of the world around them. To put it simply people are innately curious and that exploiting this curiosity is the way to teach. From the moment they learn to talk, children constantly ask questions about everything, from â€Å"where eyebrows come from?† to â€Å"what do worms eat?† Asking questions is the way they find things out and this really is just one small step away from learning. From personal experience of teaching I think that Arnstine (1967) was correct when he said â€Å"the arousal of curiosity can lead to learning†¦for learning to occur, curiosity must be guided†. Designing lessons in such a way as to tap into the natural curiosity of students and to connect the topics on the curriculum with their everyday experiences is surely the best way to teach science. I find enquiry / constructivism extremely interesting as it encapsulates the whole get their attention approach but I think it’s misused by an awful lot of people. I think that analogies and real world examples need to be reflective of the scientific concept yet simple enough that the student can grasp it. Also it requires that the student be actively involved, activities must provide the opportunity to demonstrate learning.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"To instruct someone is not a matter of getting him to commit results to mind. Rather, it is to teach him to participate in the process that makes po ssible the establishment of knowledge. We teach a subject not to produce little living libraries on that subject, but rather to get a student to think mathematically for himself, to consider matters as an historian does, to take part in the process of knowledge-getting. Knowing is a process not a product.† (Bruner. J, The Process of Education: Towards a theory of instruction 1966: 72) So in approaching this assignment I realise that I am an ardent supporter of teaching through enquiry. I agree with Bruners theoretical framework of building on pre-existing knowledge by presenting new material in a logical manner at a level the student can understand, revisiting topic in stages and building layers of ever increasing complexity. I find the concept of a spiral curriculum to be a sensible one, but also to be at odds with the way in which individual schools plan the teaching of science. There is far too much relience on the text book, with strict adherence to the material inside. I prefer to leave the text book at home, for the student to be assigned reading and questions from it for homework so that it is new and different and provides a slightly different aspect to the same topic. At the very least it will provide the same information as was covered in class in a slightly different manner and provoke recall instead of boredom. A consequence of supporting enquiry is an aversion to direct teaching. Those who support direct teaching say that it is a highly effective method of teaching. The basic components are careful content analysis, sequencing of information and use of appropriate examples, specific instructional formats where both teacher and student responses are scripted and testing to mastery. The part that receives the most criticism is the scripted responses. Here is an example I found at Brainsarefun.com http://brainsarefun.com/Teachtk.html EXAMPLE 1. All: Teacher and students touch the answer to be learned. 2. Teacher: The answer to this question is, 1492. 3. Teacher: When I signal I want you to answer, 1492. 4. Teacher: The answer is 1492. 5. Teacher: What year did Columbus discover America? 6. Teacher: Get ready. Watch the students to make sure all participate. 7. Teacher: Signal by pointing or snapping fingers. 8. All: 1492. 9. Teacher: Thats right, Columbus discovered America in 1492. 10. Teacher: Reward. Good job saying 1492. Make eye contact with individuals. Smile. 11. Teacher: Next answer, or repeat until everyone is participating and firm. If any student is unable to participate or answer correctly, start at the top of the sequence again. Most teachers believe that this type of teaching is too restrictive and prevents the students from developing critical thinking skills. I have to say that on my first reading of this example of direct teaching I was horrified at the way the students were indoctrinated. I knew that this method of teaching was not for me and I continued to develop my lesson plans along the constructivist enquiry model. I researched guided discovery and found that discovery learning is described as an inquiry-based, constructivist learning theory that occurs in situations where the learner draws on their existing knowledge to discover facts and comprehend relationships. Students interact with the world by manipulating objects, wrestling with questions or performing experiments. As a result, students are more likely to remember concepts and knowledge discovered on their own (in contrast to a transmission / direct teaching model). Proponents of discovery learning say it has many advantages, including encouraging active engagement, promoting motivation, autonomy, responsibility, independence, aiding the development of creativity and problem solving skills and is a tailored learning experience that helps minimize classroom management problems. Detractors point out the amount of time needed to teach a topic and that students do not always achieve the intended outcome of the lesson. That is they may draw erroneous conclusions about the investigation they are engaged in. My action research Now that I have explored my theories on teaching I need to test those theories by comparing the outcomes of direct versus enquiry teaching. Ideally in order to compare the two methods I should keep the conditions of the lessons the same and only change the method of instruction. Rigor would  dictate that I teach two groups of students that have been randomly segregated. The students would be in the same year of secondary school and assumed to be at the same academic level. Ability within each group would be expected to mimic normal distribution with some students excelling and some struggling with the curriculum content. Unfortunately in my teaching practice placement I have one class of first years and one class of second years. I am also following a subject plan laid down by the science department in the placement school, which further restricts my research topic. Hence rather than directly compare and contrast two sets of lesson plans that differ in instruction but not content, I shall attempt to make my methods of instruction the subject of the action research. My intention is to design a number of lesson plans along the guidelines of both approaches and to deliver these lessons as independent of personal bias as possible. I shall assess the success of each lesson plan as a measure of student value and under a number of points such as participation, motivation to learn, interest of students, as well as proficiency in summative tests. Bearing in mind my own learning, I will also be critically examining something about my ability to deliver a constructivist lesson; do I do as I say? In assessing participation of students I will make reference to number, frequency and relevance of questions asked. Time spent on-task will be used to measure motivation and interest as will content of questions asked. In line with standard research methods I established a baseline of knowledge on the topic of energy by giving the students a questionnaire which was designed to probe existing conceptions. (more here on the results of the questionnaire) From my understanding of enquiry teaching there seems to be a number of activities that should feature in my lesson plans and I have tried to incorporate these in the enquiry based lesson plans. I have included a list of these activities here and have also identified them in the appropriate lesson plans. Enquiry activities †¢ Think about scientifically orientated questions that are at an appropriate level and ask ‘how’ rather than ‘why’ (teacher provides questions at first) †¢ Gather and consider evidence using the tools of science †¢ Make explanations based on prior gain fact and ‘new’ knowledge gained through the process of enquiry / evidence gathering †¢ Compare  conclusions to currently scientific understanding and account for differences †¢ Communicate and negotiate their findings and explanations with others After the brainstorming session I jotted down as many of the words and phrases as I could during class. Light, wave, geothermal, heat, renewable, sun, plants, photosynthesis, comes from food, plants make it, atomic bombs, it keeps you moving, you are tired without it, it can change, there’s energy in batteries, joules, oil. Then I asked a series of questions designed to clarify facts that they needed to know (3A6 Energy, 3A7 Energy conversion: Junior Certificate Science Syllabus). From the answers it was clear to me that the students could not distinguish between forms of energy and sources of energy. Because the discussion section of the enquiry lesson plan is open-ended I was able to direct questions and highlight information on the board that students could use to ‘discover facts’. I tried to give minimum guidance but I found that the students were floundering and unsure of what they were trying to accomplish. This was a recurring theme during the discovery lesson plans and it seems to me from my readings that this is the main detracting feature of enquiry instruction. Those who oppose constructivist / enquiry instruction such as Kisherner, Sweller and Clark (2006) argue that minimum guidance during instruction does not work and Clark (1989) goes further to suggest that his data shows that ‘lower aptitude students’ show a loss of learning on post instructional testing. My Conclusion It is essential that the teacher do research work, i.e., he should comb the subject of chemistry from end to end for facts and for methods of exposition that will make such facts live and real to his students. (Patrick, W. A. (1924) What kind of research is essential to good teaching? J. Chemical Education, Volume 1, Issue 1, p16.) I have come to the conclusion that there is a need for direct teaching in the classroom in order to build up foundation of facts in long term memory to provide wellspring of knowledge which can be used to provide data when needed. Enquiry or discovery learning encourages the use of this knowledge so that students can put facts together to think critically. Dewey supported inductive teaching as the way to improve scientific teaching for a better educated society and said science lessons should include learning the process of science not just the facts, (Dewey, 1903). By this I believe he meant that the two methods complement each other and need to be used in tandem. But direct teaching cannot be taken as an excuse for unimaginative lessons recycled every year with minimal input from the teacher needed in the delivery. If investigatory activities are designed deductively, ie have only one conclusion, need more here about factors to consider when designing lesson activities.

Tuesdays with Morrie Essay Example for Free

Tuesdays with Morrie Essay Tuesdays with Morrie is a true story about sportswriter Mitch Albom and his favorite college professor Morrie Schwartz. During Alboms undergraduate years at Brandeis University, when he takes every class taught by his mentor, he and Schwartz form a bond that goes beyond the typical student/teacher relationship. The author, Mitch, who is a teacher in the eyes of hope. After graduation, he entered the community, containing floating up, there was the ideal gradual disillusionment, lifes difficult to face an increasingly large problem. Sixteen years later, he stumbled and mentor college reunion, but this time his teacher only last a few months to live. So, he went to fourteen of his teachers class Mitchvisits his teacher every Tuesday. The teacher, Murray. Schwarz (Morrie Schwartz), one step closer to facing death, honesty saw himself in the face of death, fear and vulnerability, admitted that their love of this world is to accept defeat, but he broke these emotions, to show life after Che Qingming hole and quiet, and with a sense of humor. Murray not only their own courage to face death, read all the documents multiple meanings of death, but through conversations with students Mickey, Mickey because little by little so sophisticated and calloused heart gradually soft, let him look at life. The author dreams fade, narrow field of vision, emotional moments become stiff, have the opportunity to listen to former mentors teachings. People who read this book, it also seems to follow the Church is called to attend the What is Life lesson learned to be the wisdom and warmth. This is the story that will shine, and makes you a lifetime memorable. After graduation, Albom promises to stay in touch with his professor and moves to New York City with the intention of pursuing a career as a professional musician. He spends several frustrating years working odd jobs and wondering what he is doing wrong. He loses touch with all of his college friends and Schwartz. His musical dreams are dying a frustrating death, and he feels like a failure for the first time in his life. Around that time, a favorite uncle passes away from cancer at the age of forty-four. This frightens Albom into action. He returns to school and earns graduate degrees in journalism and business administration from Columbia University in New York. Albom accepts a job as a sports writer and begins working long, grueling hours, determined not to end up at a corporate job he hates like his uncle did. He bounces around the country working for different newspapers and magazines before finally settling at The Detroit Free Press, where his career really begins to take off. As Alboms career grows, so do his income and his material possessions. The more he gets, the more he wants and the harder he works. During this time, he also gets married. His wife wants to start a family, and he promises her someday. One evening while flipping channels on the television, Albom catches the introduction to Nightline and hears the name Morrie Schwartz. His long-forgotten favorite professor is the subject of a Ted Koppel interview. Albom watches in shock as he learns Schwartz is dying of ALS, or Lou Gehrigs disease. Shortly after learning the diagnosis, Schwartz makes an important decision. He isnt going to hide behind his illness. He isnt going to be ashamed or afraid of dying. Hes been a teacher all his life and decides hell teach one final class, teaching his students how to die. Thats where Schwartzs old student and friend Mitch Albom comes in. After seeing the Nightline interview, Albom visits Schwartz and makes another promise to keep in touch. A few weeks later, Alboms newspaper goes on strike, and he is out of a job. Left with too much time on his hands and too many unsettling thoughts in his head, he returns to Massachusetts to see Schwartz. In fact, he returns to Massachusetts every Tuesday until the end of Schwartzs life. After a couple of visits, Albom begins recording their talks, with Schwartzs permission and his encouragement. He wants to share this journey with the world and knows that Albom can help him reach beyond the walls to which his disease has confined him. For the next fourteen weeks, Schwartz and Albom discuss everything from regrets and death to money and marriage, from family to forgiveness. Their conversations and the insights they give into the way Schwartz has lived his life and accepts his death become the foundation around which Tuesdays with Morrie is written.

Bus Company JMB: Fare Increase Causes

Bus Company JMB: Fare Increase Causes JMB TRAVEL GRADED UNIT 2 REPORT DEVELOPMENT STAGE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report is about primary and secondary research that was carried out on the bus company JMB. Increase in fares within the company JMB. Looking at the reasons for the increase in fares and the economic implications of this and the advantages that the improvements that the company has been able to make due to the increase in fares and the external factors that have also determined the price increase. The impact this has had on the passengers and exactly what they think about the increase and how it has affected their daily life commuting back and forth to their destinations and to find out what effect this has had on demand for this service. Evaluating the impact this has had on the company and its employees and how this has effected employee motivation within the company and what external factors have affected the company. Looking at the government subsidies that are available to the bus companies and what rules they have in place for a transport company to receive this grant. 1.1 REASONS FOR PRICE INCREASE Investigations have found that when the company first started operating they used an introductory price so customer would use the services, so customer would be able to see what a reliable and flexible bus service they provided. As there was only one other bus competitor running in that area First Buses that only run services to and from Glasgow but didnt have the direct routes that JMB were providing and the reliability that the service would run every 15 minutes from Lanark to Hamilton and returning which made the demand for their service greater than the other bus service run by First Buses. This would be known as price elasticity where the price of fares had risen but demand for the bus services stays the same as there is no direct competitive competition to stop them from implementing there 40% fare increase as they seem to have the biggest percentage of market share in this area. Other reasons for the increase is so they can could run a reliable service for customers in the Lanark to Hamilton route which allowed them to employ more staff to make the company run efficiently as possible. The company spoke of the expansion that is being planned which would allow more child friendly buses to be available for buggy and pram access, wider bus aisles and ramps that can be moved up and down for easy manoeuvring for wheelchairs and prams. School contract service available which would be run on a large scale to help build up their customer base and the company would be able to operate services to a lot of schools within south and north Lanarkshire. Due to the expansion of the company had decided to run bus services in other areas to expand their space in the travel network so that this would bring in more revenue for the company although the company would not allow any revenue figures to be published and management were very specific on this. Luxury coaches have also been introduced that are available for coach trips, private functions and other outings which brings in a great deal of revenue which could lead to further expansion within the Travel network. Revenue figures or any other figures relating to the company was not available. It was seen the actual number of passengers on the gov.scot website published these figures over the past three years seen in (appendix 1) has increased which would allow JMB to consider branching into other areas in Scotland as demand for bus services is on the rise and would enable them to expand their market share in the travel network, which would allow customer to have a preference on who they would want to travel with every day. 1.2 External Factors External factors affecting this price increase is due to the price increase this year because The Scottish Governments flagship concessionary travel scheme for the over 60s and disabled people has run out of money to fund this The Confederation of Passenger Transport UK which is representing 1000 bus and coach firms said fare hikes and cuts in services were on the cards as members could no longer afford the losses (Herald, 2016) which means that the bus companies are going to have to make their contribution towards the concessionary fares for the over 60s and disabled customers. 1.2.1 Congestion Congestion on the roads is a big factor as drivers are not able to reach punctuality targets which could mean Higher operating costs and higher fares Higher in Vehicle times Deteriorating reliability and being punctual to fit with scheduled time tables 1.3 Conclusion Investigations found that the company started with an introductory price of  £2.50 for return tickets from Lanark to Hamilton but in order the company to flourish and extend their market share in the travel industry they had to increase their fares to  £3.50, although the company is flourishing it did need to overcome external factors concerning concessionary fares for over 60s and disabled customers as they now pay into this scheme which also triggered the price increase. Studies also showed that congestion is on the roads is a huge issue on the price increase as this causes higher operating which results in higher fares and cause problems with the service being provided which would cause the company to lose revenue. 2.0 IMPACT ON PASSENGERS A Social Media Survey was carried out with 30 customers in the Lanark to Hamilton area to find out what they felt about the increase in fares and if they still used the services provided by JMB due to increase in price. It was found that a large percentage of customer that used the bus service were not impressed by the increase in fares but still used the services regardless as it was their only reliable means of transport to travel back and forward to their desired destination as mostly every customer commented that rail services are not reliable in these areas so they used the bus services as more of a necessity, where as a small percentage said they used the bus services because it was reliable and friendly. (Appendix 2) illustrates these results. Customer stated that the service that JMB provided was very reliable and the staff were always friendly and on hand to helpful, while other customer said that they pay this amount for fares as it was the only bus service available to them to commute back and forth to work on a day to day basis where as other people used this service for leisure use. As porters five forces suggests see (appendix 3) customers have no other means of getting to their destination as there is no competitive choice in this area. JMB can put prices up as this is their only means of getting to their desired destination because theyre very little choice customers cannot change to another bus company and it seems that now there is not any new entrants in this area in the travel industry. This would suggest that customer that use the JMB services are more than happy to pay the fares as it is there only means of getting to and from their destination with the minimum of time and fuss and because this is a reliable, friendly and well known Travel provider. Although if there was any other means of transport in this area they would consider using it. 2.1 Other factors that determine if customers are receiving good service (1) Public transport needs to be clean and tidy at during operations as it could be a danger to the public health if Health and Safety rules are not adhered to. (2) Making sure that customers perceptions of the service meet their expectations to make sure that the customers completely satisfied with the service being provided. (3) Making sure that bus stops are accessible for customers as you dont want customer having to walk a long distance to the nearest bus stop, the perceived distance that is accessible is a 10 to15 minute walk away from the customers residency or location that the customer might be in at that time. 2.2 Conclusions Conclusions raised were that customer will pay the fare because the train services are not available in this area as it is a necessity to use them but if any other services were to be provided in this area they would probably consider trying a different bus service to commute also other factors such as cleanliness, accessibility and reliability are the key elements that customer look for in a transport services. 3.0 IMPACT ON THE COMPANY A Swot analysis was carried out on JMB to see what its strengths, weaknesses opportunities and threats were to the company. It was found that JMB had a lot of strengths as they were a well- known company with a well-known service provided to the public. JMB also have an advantage over their competitors as the journey routes that they operate are different from their competitors as they over a varied selection of bus routes and over a friendly helpful service to their customer. In the two years the company has been operating they have managed to secure different school contracts and have run a luxury coach service for the public for functions and other private events. The introduction of the Alexander Dennis Enviro 200 bus that was introduced in 2016 is this is fuel efficient and has great manoeuvrability that gives customers a luxury driving experience which makes them miles ahead of their competitors. The weaknesses that they have are being able to keep their services running smoothly day to day basis to keep their customers happy as customers are their customers are everything to the company. Being able to keep their fares to a minimum so that customers are not paying too much for the customers will not be able to afford their fares. Opportunities that the company has is they will be able to expand into new areas with the business such as providing services for different areas out with south and north Lanarkshire for example rural areas as they dont have a lot of transport operating in these areas by offering competitive prices so they can phase out their competitors. Threats that may affect them are If new competitors were to run a new bus service in their areas which would affect their business over a better price and service for the public. If the government cut funding that would enable them to run a reliable transport service. 3.1 Employee Motivation As staff are important to JMBs business morale is a big issue in their business because happy workers mean happy customers. Maslow motivational theory as executed in this company as Maslow talks about the five stages of hierarchy of needs these stages include see (appendix 4) for illustration. JMB has implemented this theory because they have provided their staff with good working conditions and a satisfactory salary for all. JMB have also employed more driver to deal with the demand for their bus services and has enough staff to delegate to different journeys and on different services everyday which allows their workers to get the time off for holidays or appointment or any other time they may need off without the minimum of fuss. The company also has good safety elements implemented as the drivers have direct contact with the depot in Wishaw in case there is any emergencies such as buses breaking down or if there was a medical issue with customer or a customer attacking another commuting on the bus or worst case scenario attacking one of the company bus drivers. Staff that work for the company also have works night out on a regular basis where they can bring their partner along to join in and they also have a Christmas party every year at different venues across Scotland. Mostly all the job vacancies within the company are all internal which means if people have the right credentials to apply for jobs they are urged to do so they are promoted for a job well done as one of the staff in the company was recently promoted to inspector for his outstanding contribution and commitment as a bus driver. 3.2 External factors affecting the business 3.2.1 CO2 Emissions A PESTLE analysis was done on the issue of CO2 emissions which outlined Political, Economic, Sociological, Technological, Legal and Environmental impact on the need to reduce CO2 emissions Political The government have set out clear guidelines for these CO2 emissions to be cut which could affect the company as these guidelines put in place need to be adhered to. Economic In 2010 there was an initiative put in place for all bus services called carbon reduction commitment which meant that bus companies had to buy carbon credits which would permit JMB to generate specific qualities of carbon emissions. In 2010 the company had to put in place a budget and set out very clear plans to measure how much CO2 emissions will be produced going forward. Which could affect the company as if they were to produce more emissions than stated in their plan then this could be an expense for the company which means it may lead to an increase in fares for customers. Sociological If the company does not abide by the guide lines, then the public could lose all expectations of the company at what it stands for. Technological The company may have to get another system built into the buses so they can monitor the CO2 emissions so they know what is being used every day. Legal If the company do not commit to the initiative to reduce emission they may find themselves with a hefty fine or worst case scenario they could lose grant which means they wouldnt be able to operate their business to its full potential. Environmental CO2 emissions are dangerous to the environment and the planet and is one of the biggest problems causing greenhouse gas that is destroying our planet today. 3.3 Steps JMB are taking to comply with the emissions initiative As CO2 emissions are a short and long term problem for JMB and have put in place a plan to reduce these emissions by 2020 from 25% to 20% and the introduction of the envir0 200 bus which would give them a clearer advantage over the competition. 3.4 Conclusion Although a SWOT was performed the results were positive on the company as the company has grown from strength to strength over the last 2 years as it is now able to provide transport to other areas in the North and South Lanarkshire area which has created more jobs for the population of North and South Lanarkshire which has made them able to strengthen the economy by creating jobs such as bus drivers, school escorts and other depot staff. The way the company is fair to their staff and give them the motivation to perform their jobs daily to a high standard that benefits their customers. Other aspects JMB are how user friendly the buses are to the environment because of fuel emission that could be a danger to the environment and could have legal implications if this was not rectified and the guidelines for emissions set by the government followed in the best interests of the company. 4.0 GOVERNMENT SUBSIDES Government subsidies are the main source of funding for JMB Travels business as they receive a (BSOG) Bus Services Operators Grant Scheme this is a discretionary grant paid under section 38 of The Transport Scotland Act 2001 which is regulated by the (DFT) Department for Transport to get this you need to adhere to certain terms and conditions. These conditions include the company needs to maintain adequate records of the mileage and distances that the bus service runs on a day to day basis. Checks are also performed by Transport Scotland to see that all the necessary requirements under the Transport Scotland Act have been fulfilled. DFT provide these grants to keep customers fares to a minimum and the distances the bus services to travel. This (BSOG) is applied for every year and consists of 4 quarterly payments that are paid directly into the company bank account. JMB also receive money from the government for their school contracts which has a great impact on their business and brings in a great deal of revenue. 4.1 Reforms to the (BSOG) Reforming the (BSOG) will create better incentives for local authorities and bus operators to work with one another to provide a better service for commuters and help with keeping the environment safe to provide value. Investing in fuel efficient buses to improve services for customers and to minimise regulatory burdens and reduce the cost of administration. Although these reforms to this policy are in place it will impact in different ways as no measure will completely deliver the objectives highlighted in this reform. Even though the objectives highlighted in this reform will ensure improvement in the value from the bus subsidy thats paid to the company every year. 4.2 Conclusion Investigations show that government subsidies are the main source of funding and keeping to the terms and conditions set for the public transport sector are followed then they will be able to continue receiving this grant and can provide the best service expected of them by their customers. Reforms that have been put in place by (BSOG) are going to benefit the operation of the service because as well as providing a good service to customers they will be able to see that JMB cares about what happens to our planet. APPENDIX Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Porters 5 Forces   Ã‚   BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/13052185.Bus_fares_going_up_to_pay_for_free_OAP_travel/ http://www.transport.gov.scot/report/j415388-05.htm Arline, Katherine (2015) Porters five forces analysing the competition. Available at: http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/5446-porters-five-forces.html (Accessed: 19 January 2017). Boddy, D. and Paton, R. (2002) Management: An introduction. New York: Prentice Hall Europe. begg, prof david (2016) Congestion. Available at: http://www.greenerjourneys.com//2016//Prof-David-Begg-The-Impact-of- (Accessed: 20 January 2017). abstracts.aetransport.org/paper/download/id/3735 http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/first-group/managing-external-influences http://www.businessballs.com/maslow.htm https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads//impact-assessment.pdf Activity Log DATE DURATION ACTIVITY RESOURCES USED 2ND November 2016 20 mins Phoned to arrange interview with manager from JMB Mobile, Paper, Pen 9th November 2016 2 hours Compiled questionnaire to ask manager from JMB Pen, paper, computer, printer 11th November 2016 3 hours Travelled to JMB depot to interview Martin Bell a manager from JMB asked him question to help with primary research for report Money, pen, paper 18th November 2016 2 hours Looked at the results from questionnaires on face book and recorded the information Face book page, computer, pen, paper 22nd November 2016 1 hour Went to college library to get reference books on economics and business strategy for secondary research for my report Library, books, student card 27th December 2016 3 hours Compiled information and put this into some sort of order and used planning stage to see aims and objectives Planning stage of report, reference books, notes, pen, paper, computer 6th December 2016 2 hours Started typing up my findings for 1st aim and objective relating to price Notes, paper, computer, pen, printer, reference books 13th November 2016 3 hours Compiled information on my 1st aim and objective. Notes, paper, computer, pen, printer, reference books 20th December 2016 3 hours Started compiling information for my 2nd aim of how customer feel about the increase Notes, paper, computer, pen, printer, reference books 17th January 20177 3 hours Typed up my findings for 1st aim and objective started to put this into report format Notes, paper, computer reference books, hard drive to save 18th January 2017 2 hours 30 mins Typed findings for first aim and objective Notes, paper, computer reference books, hard drive to save 19th January 2017 4 hours Collated all my information and started typing up 2nd aim into report format Notes, paper, pen, computer reference books, hard drive to save 20th January 2017 7 hours Typed up data for 2nd aim of report. Started collating information for my 3rd aim of my report Notes, paper, computer reference books, hard drive to save 21st January 2017 6 hours Typed up 3rd aim of my report. Started working on data for my 4th aim of report Notes, paper, computer reference books, hard drive to save 22nd January 2017 6 hours Typed up findings for 4th sim of report Notes, paper, computer reference books, hard drive to save 23rd January 2017 5 hours Wrote my acknowledgements, Executive summary and contents page and Activity log for report Notes, paper, computer reference books, hard drive to save, planning stage of report 24th January 2017 1 hour Checked over my report, sent report through turn tin Computer, report, college email and access to turn tin